Content Outline and Competencies:

I. Nursing Role and Scope of Practice

A. Define nursing and relate its current state to historical events and leaders.

B. Differentiate between the various roles of contemporary nurses today.

C. Review the different educational paths to professional nursing and their implications for career mobility and advancement.

D. Discuss the scope of practice of unlicensed personnel, licensed/vocational nurses, professional nurses, and advanced practice nurses.

E. Describe how state nurse practice acts define the legal and scope of nursing practice.

F. Review an established code of ethics and its role in guiding nursing practice and ethical decision making.

G. Recognize competencies related to knowledge, skills, and attitudes that nurses are expected to integrate into their practice.

H. Discuss the implications of client care in relation to HIPAA regulations in care delivery settings.

II. Spectrum of Healthcare

A. Differentiate between the term’s health and illness and the impact that lifestyle and risk factors has on one’s health status.

B. Define the terms health promotion and wellness and discuss the nurse’s role in supporting client's movement towards optimal health.

C. Differentiate between primary, secondary, and tertiary care as well as the role of the nurse when providing these levels of care.

D. Differentiate between the goals of acute and chronic care and examples of client conditions in each category.

E. Discuss the principles of restorative or rehabilitative care, its goals, and the role of the nurse when working with patients undergoing rehabilitation.

F. Compare and contrast palliative and hospice care and the role of the nurse in providing end of life care.

G. Describe the various health care settings within which client care is delivered.

H. Discuss the roles of state and federal governments in regulating health care agencies.

III. Profession Related Concepts/Relationship-Centered Care

A. Discuss the meaning of relationship-centered care.

B. Describe concepts of holistic health and nursing.

C. Describe the concept of caring as a foundation for nursing practice.

D. Review the professional skills inherent in providing relationship-centered care.

E. Compare and contrast the concepts of spirituality and religion.

F. Review the religious practices of selected religions and their relationship to health promotion and health care.

G. Determine factors that contribute to spiritual distress and resulting manifestations.

H. Review the nurses’ role when caring for clients who are experiencing spiritual distress.

1. Nursing process/ Discuss the purpose of the nursing process and nurse’s role in each step.

2. Cultural sensitivity/ Recognize the influence culture has on health, health practices, illness and caring patterns and verbalize cultural sensitivity and cultural competence and its relationship to nursing practice.

3. Advocacy/ Define advocacy in relationship to client’s right to information, Client’s Bill of Rights and the Self Determination Act and their association with the nurse’s role as client advocate.

4. Communication/ Differentiate between nontherapeutic and therapeutic communication and how it is related to nursing care and documentation.

IV. Profession Related Concepts/Teamwork and Collaboration

A. Define the concept of interprofessional care.

B. Describe the essential aspects of collaborative health care.

C. Discuss the benefits of an interprofessional health care team providing client care.

V. Profession Related Concepts/Evidence-Based Practice

A. Define the concept of evidence-based practice.

B. Identify available resources for evidence-based nursing practice.

C. Discuss how evidence-based practice provides optimum care for individuals and their families.

VI. Profession Related Concepts/Quality Improvement

A. Define the concept of quality improvement.

B. Discuss the role of the nurse in identifying patient concerns related to quality care.

VII. Profession Related Concepts/Safety

A. Define the concept of client safety.

B. Discuss personal and environmental factors that impair a client’s ability to protect themselves from injury.

C. Review interventions that can assist in reducing risk of client injury (properly identifying client, performing a fall risk assessment, communicating client information to appropriate team member).

D. Discuss how proper and effective use of technology and standardized policies and procedures support safe, quality care.

E. Recognize the role of the nurse in monitoring own care and that of others in promoting a safe environment for the client.

F. Review the National Client Safety Goals developed by the Joint Commission and their relationship to the development of national safety standards and accreditation of health care institutions.

G. Relate the importance of knowing the location and purpose of the MSDS Manual.

H. Describe the RACE acronym and its use as a guide for action during a fire.

VIII. Profession Related Concepts/Informatics

A. Define the concept of informatics.

B. Describe the uses of computers in nursing education and practice.

C. Discuss the computer skills and computer applications necessary for monitoring and documenting client information.

D. Discuss how to access online library resources.

E. Review criteria that must be met for online resources and websites to be considered credible resources.

F. Demonstrate how to cite resources using recommended form and style.

IX. Profession Related Concepts/Client Education

A. Define the concept of client education.

B. Identify the role of the nurse in relation to client education.

C. Describe the three domains of learning.

D. Review basic principles of learning.

E. Discuss how to identify educational needs of clients.

X. Profession Related Concepts/Professionalism

A. Define the concept of professionalism and its relationship to nursing practice.

B. List professional behaviors that are consistent with those of a nurse.

C. Discuss the relationship of ethical and legal practice to the role of nurses.

D. Compare and contrast accountability and responsibility.

XI. Profession Related Concepts/Leadership

A. Define the concept of leadership.

B. Explore the leadership skills of organization, time management, and priority setting.

XII. Client Related Concepts/Rest and Sleep

A. Review the role played by rest and sleep in maintaining good physical and mental health.

B. Discuss the effect that lack of sleep has on a client's physical and mental health.

C. Discuss developmental variations in sleep patterns.

D. Describe the functions, physiology, and stages of sleep.

E. Identify conditions that interfere with a client's rest and sleep pattern.

F. Recognize the characteristics of common sleep disorders.

G. Review nursing interventions that can help improve a client's quality of rest and sleep.

XIII. Client Related Concepts/Sensory perception

A. Review the role played by sensory perception in maintaining good physical health.

B. Describe the anatomical and physiological components of the sensory-perceptual process.

C. Discuss factors that affect a client’s sensory perceptual processes (vision loss; hearing loss).

D. Identify conditions that interfere with a client's ability to process sensory input.

E. Differentiate between sensory deficits, overload, and deprivation.

F. Review nursing interventions that can facilitate or maintain a client’s sensory perceptual processes.

XIV. Client Related Concepts/Documentation

A. Describe the significance of nursing documentation as a written form of communication.

B. Discuss the use of technology in the communication process.

C. Identify the purpose and various elements of the client record.

D. Review the legal parameters that guide documentation and the maintenance of client records.

E. Review proper guidelines for effective documentation.

F. Apply principles of effective documentation to an actual or simulated client record.

G. Describe proper documentation techniques that support accurate, thorough, and timely charting.

XV. Client Related Concepts/Hygiene

A. Review the role played by the skin, mucous membranes, teeth, and nails in maintaining the body’s first line of defense against pathogens.

B. Describe conditions and activities that place clients at risk for altered skin integrity.

C. Discuss hygienic practices that support healthy skin integrity.

D. Discuss the effect that cultural practices and developmental stage has on hygiene practices.

E. Determine a client’s need for assistance with hygiene-related care.

F. Describe the procedures for providing hygiene-related care in a safe, comfortable environment.

G. Describe proper techniques that support client hygiene.

H. List common areas for pressure ulcers.

I. Describe how to assess for early signs of pressure ulcers when providing hygiene-related care.

J. Differentiate between the 4 stages of pressure ulcers.

XVI. Client Related Concepts/Activity and Exercise

A. Review the role played by the musculoskeletal and neurological systems in providing and regulating movement.

B. Relate the effect exercise has on proper functioning of body systems and activity tolerance.

C. Identify the elements of an exercise program that serves to maintain proper functioning and prevent lifestyle diseases.

D. Discuss the effect lack of movement has on bones, muscles, and joints.

E. Discuss the effect developmental stage has on bones, muscles, and joints.

F. Describe proper techniques that support client mobility and prevent complications of immobility.

XVII. Client Related Concepts/Infection Control

A. Compare and contrast the various elements of the chain of infection.

B. Review the anatomical and physiological barriers that protect an individual against infections.

C. Describe the signs and symptoms of an inflammatory response, local and systemic infections, and related diagnostic tests.

D. Discuss the etiology of nosocomial infections.

E. Differentiate between medical and surgical asepsis.

F. Relate principles of asepsis and their application to client care.

G. Differentiate between standard precautions and various types of isolation precautions.

H. Review nursing interventions that can protect a client against infections.

I. Describe proper techniques that support infection control.

XVIII. Client Related Concepts/Elimination

A. Review the role played by elimination in maintaining good physical health.

B. Describe the process of urine and feces production and subsequent elimination patterns.

C. Differentiate between normal and abnormal elimination patterns (constipation, bowel incontinence, urinary retention, urinary incontinence).

D. Discuss developmental and other factors that affect a client’s elimination status.

E. Identify conditions that interfere with a client's normal elimination patterns.

F. Compare and contrast normal and abnormal characteristics of urine and feces.

G. Identify diagnostic tests related to elimination and the nurse’s role in obtaining specimens.

H. Review nursing interventions that can facilitate or maintain a client’s elimination patterns.

I. Discuss proper techniques that support a client’s elimination needs.

XIX. Client Related Concepts/Oxygenation

A. Review the role played by oxygenation in maintaining good physical health.

B. Describe the process of oxygenation.

C. Differentiate between normal and abnormal respiratory patterns

D. Discuss developmental and other factors that affect a client’s oxygenation status.

E. Identify diagnostic tests related to oxygenation.

F. Review nursing interventions that facilitate or maintain adequate oxygenation.

G. Describe proper techniques that support a client’s oxygenation status.

XX. Client Related Concepts/Nutrition

A. Describe proper techniques that support a client’s nutrition needs.

B. Review the role played by nutrition in maintaining good physical health.

C. Describe normal processes related to digestion, absorption, and metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

D. Describe the role water, vitamins, minerals, and electrolytes play in supporting body functions and processes.

E. Determine the significance of the balance between caloric intake and energy expenditure in relation to weight gain and loss.

F. Discuss physical, psychological, developmental, and cultural factors that affect a client’s nutritional status.

G. Identify norms for body weight and BMI based on established standards.

H. Use guidelines based on the USDA My Plate when determining dietary recommendations for clients.

I. Differentiate between various alternative and therapeutic diets.

J. Review nursing interventions that can assist clients in meeting their nutritional needs.

XXI. Client Related Concepts/ Comfort/Pain

A. Review the role played by pain, as a symptom of a health issue, and its impact on basic physiological needs.

B. Review theories related to the physiology of pain.

C. Discuss physical, psychological, developmental, and cultural factors that affect the perception and expression of pain.

D. Differentiate between the various types and characteristics of pain.

E. Determine a client’s need for pain relief using established subjective tools and objective data.

F. Evaluate efficacy of pain relief method used by follow up with pain rating post-administration.

G. Review pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic nursing interventions that can assist clients in managing their pain.

H. Review alternative and complementary methods of pain relief that clients may consider (acupressure, acupuncture, biofeedback).

I. Describe proper techniques that support a client’s comfort needs.

XXII. Client Related Concepts/Body Mechanics and Ergonomics

A. Review principles of good body mechanics and ergonomics when positioning, moving, lifting, and ambulating clients.

B. Identify assistive devices that can be used when moving clients to aid in the prevention of injury.

C. Examine the relationship between using good body mechanics and preventing injuries.

D. Discuss appropriate interventions to take to minimize injury to client and self during a client fall.

E. Describe proper body mechanics and ergonomics when positioning, moving, lifting and ambulating clients.

XXIII. Client Related Concepts/Nursing Process

A. Identify the steps of the nursing process.

B. Differentiate between subjective and objective data and various data collection methods.

C. Review the use of the nursing process as a tool for planning client care.

D. Review potential and actual client problems related to a plan of care.

E. Apply principles of the nursing process to the client record.

XXIV. Client Related Concepts/Focused Assessment

A. Describe the purpose of assessment when providing client care.

B. Review assessment techniques when collecting data in a focused manner.

C. Use culturally sensitive, therapeutic communication when interviewing the client regarding their health history and current reason for seeking health care.

D. Discuss interventions that will foster a therapeutic, caring nurse-client relationship.

E. Identify findings that are outside the expected range for each body system.

F. Use appropriate terminology when documenting assessment findings.

G. Describe proper assessment techniques on clients.

Content Outline and Competencies:

I. Provide nursing care that is relationship-centered, caring, culturally sensitive and based on the physiological, psychosocial and spiritual needs of clients with commonly occurring health problems that have predictable outcomes.

A. Practice assessment techniques on simulated and/or actual adult clients recognizing expected findings.

B. Describe the role of the nursing process in relation to the provision of client care.

C. Identify the uniqueness of each client related to preferences, values, beliefs, and cultural differences.

D. Describe client advocacy.

E. Practice using verbal and nonverbal communication techniques.

F. Identify health-related education needs of clients based on data.

II. Collaborate with the client and members of the interprofessional health care team to promote continuity of care and shared decision-making.

A. Describe the roles and responsibilities of members of the health care team.

B. Verbalize client-related information to be shared with designated members of the healthcare team.

C. Identify situations that require knowledge/actions beyond the scope and practice of the LPN.

III. Use current evidence as a basis for nursing practice.

A. Identify sources of current evidence.

B. Identify how current evidence is used as a basis for nursing practice.

IV. Use information and client care technology to support the delivery of safe, quality client care.

A. Demonstrate how to use information technology as a communication tool.

B. Demonstrate how to securely and accurately use electronic health records to document nursing care.

C. Demonstrate how to safely use client care technology.

V. Participate in quality improvement practices evaluating their effect on client outcomes.

A. Identify concerns related to the quality of client care.

B. Discuss actions necessary to provide quality care.

VI. Provide an environment that is safe and reduces risk of harm for clients, self, and others.

A. Identify the difference between actual and potential safety risks in the health care environment.

B. Describe actions that promote safe practice and a safe environment for clients, self, and others.

C. Describe the purpose of the National Patient Safety Goals.

VII. Demonstrate accountability for client care that incorporates legal and ethical principles, regulatory guidelines, and standards of nursing practice.

A. Describe the purpose and location of the Kansas PN scope of practice nursing regulations and statutes.

B. Describe the Client Bill of Rights, and the Self Determination Act along with a nursing code of ethics as a framework to be used for nursing practice.

C. Describe what personal and professional accountability is for the preparation and delivery of client care.

D. Discuss the role of institutional policies and procedures regarding providing safe, quality care.

VIII. Use leadership skills that support the provision and coordination of client care.

A. Identify leadership skills that support the provision of client care.

B. Discuss the role of assistive personnel in relation to their abilities, level of preparation, and regulatory guidelines.

C. Describe the role of the LPN in supervising assistive personnel.

IX. Documentation Skills Lab

A. Demonstrate proper documentation techniques that support accurate, thorough, and timely charting.

B. Documentation skills lab/ subjective and objective data

C. Documentation skills lab/ narrative charting

D. Documentation skills lab/ flow sheets and trending records

E. Documentation skills lab/ computer information systems and computerized records

X. Nursing Process

A. Apply principles of the nursing process to the assessing, planning, implementation, and evaluation of safe client care.

B. Nursing Process/ Assessment

C. Nursing Process/ Planning

D. Nursing Process/ Implementation

XI. Nursing Process/ Evaluation

A. Hygiene Skills Lab

B. Demonstrate proper techniques that support client hygiene and safe client care.

C. Hygiene skills lab/pressure ulcer risk assessment (Braden Scale); pressure ulcer staging, pressure ulcer care.

XII. Infection Control Skills Lab

A. Demonstrate proper techniques that support infection control while ensuring client safety.

B. Infection control skills Lab/ isolation precautions

C. Infection control skills Lab/ medical and surgical asepsis and applying sterile gloves

D. Infection control skills Lab/ wound care

XIII. Wound Care Lab

A. Practice client care skills using proper techniques while ensuring client safety.

B. Sterile dressing changes, specialized wound dressings, wound vacuum, wound debridement and packing

C. Suture and staple removal

D. Emergency care of evisceration

XIV. Comfort Skills Lab

A. Demonstrate proper techniques that support a client’s comfort needs while ensuring client safety.

B. Skills Lab/ application of heat and cold

C. Skills Lab/ pain rating scales (Pre- and Post-intervention)

D. Skill Lab/documentation of intervention and evaluation of pain relief method used

XV. Mobility Skills Lab

A. Demonstrate proper techniques that support client mobility and prevent complications of immobility while ensuring client safety.

B. Mobility skills lab/ pressure ulcer assessment and prevention measures

C. Mobility skills lab/ range of motion

D. Mobility skills lab / post hip arthroplasty precautions

E. Complications of immobility precautions and thromboembolic hose

XVI. Urinary and Bowel Elimination Skills Lab

A. Demonstrate proper techniques that support a client’s elimination needs while ensuring client safety.

B. Elimination skills Lab/ catheter insertion, removal, and specimen collection

C. Elimination skills Lab/ enemas

D. Elimination skills Lab / hemoccult

E. Continuous bladder irrigation

F. Sterile catheter irrigation and specimen collection

G. Colostomy care

XVII. Oxygenation Skills Lab

A. Demonstrate proper techniques that support a client’s oxygenation status while ensuring client safety.

B. Oxygenation skills Lab/ incentive spirometer

C. Oxygenation skills Lab/ oxygen therapy/delivery systems

D. Oxygenation skills Lab / tracheostomy suctioning and care, spirometry, ventilator monitoring, chest tube monitoring

E. Oxygenation skills Lab / spirometry

F. Oxygenation skills Lab / ventilator monitoring, chest tube monitoring

XVIII. Nutrition Skills Lab

A. Demonstrate proper techniques that support a client’s nutrition needs while ensuring client safety.

B. Nutrition skills lab/ special diets, fluid restriction

C. Nutrition skills lab/ insertion, care of, and removal of enteral tube (g-tube, NG, g-button, j-tube)

D. Nutrition skills lab / enteral tubes, enteral formulas, continuous and bolus feedings

E. Nutrition skills lab / enteral medication administration

XIX. Regulation and Metabolism Lab

A. Practice client care skills using proper techniques while ensuring client safety.

B. Blood glucose testing and reporting

XX. Cognition and Sensation Lab

A. Practice client care skills using proper techniques while ensuring client safety.

B. Reality orientation

C. Fall risk assessment

D. Bed/wheelchair sensors

XXI. Cardiac Output and Tissue Perfusion Lab

A. Practice client care skills using proper techniques while ensuring client safety.

B. Lead placement

C. Reading normal strips

XXII. Post-mortem Care and Tissue/Organ Donation

A. Practice client care skills using proper techniques while ensuring safety of team members.

B. Preparation of the body

C. Tagging and shrouding

D. Documentation

Content Outline and Competencies:

I. Alterations in Fluid and Electrolytes

A. Recognize alterations in the laboratory values of urine osmolarity, and serum sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, and phosphorus.

B. Recognize clinical manifestations of fluid imbalances and alterations in sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, and phosphorus

C. Apply knowledge of pathophysiology when planning care for clients with alterations in fluid balance.

D. Apply knowledge of pathophysiology when planning care for clients with alterations in sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, and phosphorus.

E. Identify priority actions for clients with an alteration in fluid balance or sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, and phosphorus.

II. Alteration in Oxygenation

A. Recognize components of a focused assessment that should be included when collecting data on adults who have an alteration in oxygenation.

B. Apply knowledge of anatomy, physiology, basic pathophysiology, nutrition, and developmental variations when helping to plan care for adults who have an alteration in oxygenation.

C. Identify priority actions for adults who have an alteration in oxygenation.

D. Apply knowledge of the actions, potential side effects, and nursing implications when administering medications to adults who have an alteration in oxygenation.

E. Recognize alterations in pulse oximetry and other laboratory values related to alterations in oxygenation.

F. Discuss the correct use and functioning of therapeutic devices that support oxygenation.

G. Describe the role of the nurse in providing quality care to adults who have an alteration in oxygenation.

H. Identify health care education and safety needs for adults who have an alteration in oxygenation.

1. Health alteration/ Obstructive disorders (COPD- emphysema, chronic bronchitis; asthma; pulmonary embolism)

2. Health alteration/ Trauma related disorders (pneumothorax, hemothorax)

3. Health alteration/ Infectious & inflammatory disorders (bronchitis, pneumonia, influenza, tuberculosis)

4. Health alteration/ Abnormal cell proliferation disorders (laryngeal cancer, lung cancer)

5. Pharmacology/ Methylxanthines

6. Pharmacology/ Mast cell stabilizers

7. Pharmacology/ Anticholinergics (inhaled)

8. Pharmacology/ Leukotriene modifiers

9. Pharmacology/ Beta 2-adrenergic agonists

10. Pharmacology/ Antibiotics (penicillin, cephalosporins, tetracyclines, macrolides, fluoroquinolones, monobactams)

11. Pharmacology/ Bronchodilators

12. Pharmacology/ Expectorants & mucolytics

13. Pharmacology/ Antimycobacterial

14. Pharmacology/ Adult immunizations

15. Nutrition/ Diet for clients with nutritional deficit (high calorie, high protein diet with limitation of empty liquids)

16. Nutrition/ Diets for clients with dyspnea (soft diet, small frequent meals)

17. Nutrition/ Nutritional supplements (high calorie, low carbohydrate)

III. Alterations in Cardiac Output and Tissue Perfusion

A. Recognize components of a focused assessment that should be included when collecting data on adults who have an alteration in cardiac output and tissue perfusion.

B. Apply knowledge of anatomy, physiology, basic pathophysiology, nutrition, and developmental variations when helping to plan care for adults who have an alteration in cardiac output and tissue perfusion.

C. Identify priority actions for adults who have an alteration in cardiac output and tissue perfusion.

D. Apply knowledge of the actions, potential side effects, and nursing implications when administering medications to adults who have an alteration in cardiac output and tissue perfusion.

E. Recognize alterations in laboratory values related to alterations in cardiac output and tissue perfusion.

F. Discuss the correct use and functioning of therapeutic devices that support cardiac output and tissue perfusion.

G. Describe the role of the nurse in providing quality care to adults who have an alteration in cardiac output and tissue perfusion.

H. Identify health care education and safety needs for adults who have an alteration in cardiac output and tissue perfusion.

1. Health Alterations/Electrical conduction disorders (dysrhythmias and electronic pacing)

2. Health Alterations/Infectious and inflammatory disorders (rheumatic/infective endocarditis, pericarditis, arteritis)

3. Health Alterations/Structural abnormality (Venous stasis, emboli, aneurysms, peripheral vascular disease peripheral arterial disease; valvular heart disease)

4. Health Alterations/Arterial pressure disorders (hypertension, shock (hemodynamic, septic, hypovolemic, anaphylactic)

5. Health Alterations/Ischemic disorders (angina, coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction)

6. Health Alterations/Decreased cardiac output disorders (heart failure, pulmonary edema)

7. Pharmacology/ Organic nitrates

8. Pharmacology/ Beta- and alpha-adrenergic blockers

9. Pharmacology/ Centrally acting alpha agents

10. Pharmacology/ Calcium channel blockers

11. Pharmacology/ Atropine

12. Pharmacology/ Antilipemic

13. Pharmacology/ Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors (ACE inhibitors, ARBs, angiotensin II receptor blockers, aldosterone antagonists)

14. Nutrition/ Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet

15. Nutrition/ Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes (TLC) diet

16. Nutrition/ Diets rich in iron, Vitamin B12, and folic acid

IV. Alterations in Regulation and Metabolism

A. Recognize components of a focused assessment that should be included when collecting data on adults who have an alteration in regulation and metabolism.

B. Apply knowledge of anatomy, physiology, basic pathophysiology, nutrition, and developmental variations when helping to plan care for adults who have an alteration in regulation and metabolism.

C. Identify priority actions for adults who have an alteration in regulation and metabolism.

D. Apply knowledge of the actions, potential side effects, and nursing implications when administering medications to adults who have an alteration in regulation and metabolism.

E. Recognize alterations in laboratory values related to alterations in regulation and metabolism.

F. Discuss the correct use and functioning of therapeutic devices that support regulation and metabolism.

G. Describe the role of the nurse in providing quality care to adults who have an alteration in regulation and metabolism.

H. Identify health care education and safety needs for adults who have an alteration in regulation and metabolism.

1. Health Alterations/Adrenal disorders (Addison’s disease/Cushing’s disease, DI/SIADH, pituitary disorders)

2. Health Alterations/Endocrine/exocrine disorders (diabetes mellitus, thyroid & parathyroid disorders)

3. Pharmacology/ Thyroid hormones

4. Pharmacology/ Thyrotropin-releasing hormone

5. Pharmacology/ Thyroid hormone synthesis inhibitor

6. Pharmacology/ Radioactive and nonradioactive iodine

7. Pharmacology/ Insulins

8. Pharmacology/ Oral hypoglycemic

9. Pharmacology/ Glucagon

10. Pharmacology/ Antidiuretic hormone preparation

11. Pharmacology/ Posterior pituitary hormones

12. Pharmacology/ Anterior pituitary hormones/growth hormones

13. Pharmacology/ Glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid hormones

14. Nutrition/ Addison’s diet (high calorie, high sodium, low potassium diet)

V. Alterations in Integument

A. Recognize components of a focused assessment that should be included when collecting data on adults who have an alteration in integument.

B. Apply knowledge of anatomy, physiology, basic pathophysiology, nutrition, and developmental variations when helping to plan care for adults who have an alteration in integument.

C. Identify priority actions for adults who have an alteration in integument.

D. Apply knowledge of the actions, potential side effects, and nursing implications when administering medications to adults who have an alteration in integument.

E. Recognize alterations in laboratory values related to alterations in integument.

F. Discuss the correct use and functioning of therapeutic devices that support integument.

G. Describe the role of the nurse in providing quality care to adults who have an alteration in integument.

H. Identify health care education and safety needs for adults who have an alteration in integument.

1. Health Alterations/Tissue injury disorders (pressure ulcers, burns)

2. Health Alterations/Infectious and inflammatory disorders (cellulitis, herpes zoster)

3. Health Alterations/Abnormal cell proliferation disorders (actinic keratosis, basal and squamous cell cancer, melanoma, dermatitis, psoriasis, skin infections/infestations)

4. Pharmacology/ Sulfonamides

5. Pharmacology/ Topical antibacterial (nitrofurazone)

6. Pharmacology/ Topical chemotherapy

7. Pharmacology/ Interferon

8. Nutrition/ High calorie, high protein diet

9. Nutrition/ Enteral nutrition

10. Nutrition/ Nutritional supplements

VI. Pre- and Postoperative Care

A. Differentiate between the various phases of the surgical experience (pre, peri, and postoperative) and Identify the role of the nurse in each of these phases.

B. List the responsibilities of the nurse when caring for a client in the immediate pre- and postoperative period.

C. Differentiate between general and regional anesthesia and conscious sedation.

D. Describe the impact drugs used during a surgical procedure can have on drugs given in the immediate postoperative period.

E. Compare and contrast medications commonly given for postoperative pain, nausea, and vomiting.

F. Discuss the legal and ethical issues related to ensuring informed consent.

G. Discuss potential post-surgical and immobility complications and the nurses’ role in preventing them (thromboemboli, pneumonia, atelectasis, wound infection, wound dehiscence and evisceration).

H. Intervene to provide a safe environment for the surgical client.

1. Health alterations/ Post surgical and immobility complications (thromboembolism, pneumonia, atelectasis, wound infection, wound dehiscence and evisceration)

2. Pharmacology/ Postoperative pain: Opioid agonists

3. Pharmacology/ Postoperative pain: Agonists-antagonists’ opioids

4. Pharmacology/ Postoperative pain: Opioid antagonists

5. Pharmacology/ Postoperative nausea and vomiting: Serotonin antagonists

6. Pharmacology/ Postoperative nausea and vomiting: Dopamine antagonists

7. Pharmacology/ Postoperative nausea and vomiting: Anticholinergics

8. Pharmacology/ Postoperative nausea and vomiting: Antihistamines

VII. Intravenous Therapy

A. Define intravenous fluid therapy (see definition in KAR 60-16-101)

B. Outline the scope of practice of PNs (see description in KAR 60-16-102)

C. Identify the different types of vascular access delivery devices.

D. Discuss age-related considerations.

E. Review the legal implications for intravenous fluid therapy.

F. Review the anatomy and physiology of common sites used for intravenous fluid therapy

G. Review fluid and electrolyte balance considerations that relate to intravenous fluid therapy.

H. Identify infusion equipment used in intravenous fluid therapy.

I. Review client care necessary to maintain patency of established intravenous lines.

J. Review various types of infusion therapies and selection criteria for their use. ***

K. Contrast the various types of parenteral solutions and indications for each.

L. Describe infection control and safety measures to be taken to prevent infection and infiltration.

M. Describe site care and maintenance of various types of intravenous therapies.

N. Describe the process for determining vascular access device selection and placement.

O. Discuss the indications for the insertion of peripheral short catheters.

P. Differentiate between central and peripheral vascular devices and their care.

Q. Discuss administration, maintenance, and monitoring of existing central intravenous fluid therapy.

R. Articulate documentation needed in relation to intravenous fluid therapy

S. Provide client education related to need for intravenous fluid therapy and client's role in maintaining patency and preventing infection.

Content Outline and Competencies:

I. IV Therapy

A. Demonstrate proper techniques for medication administration, maintenance, and monitoring of peripheral intravenous fluid therapy.

B. Demonstrate documentation related to intravenous fluid therapy.

II. Provide nursing care that is relationship-centered, caring, culturally sensitive and based on the physiological, psychosocial and spiritual needs of clients with commonly occurring health problems that have predictable outcomes.

A. Perform a focused assessment on adult clients differentiating between expected and unexpected findings.

B. Contribute to the development of an individualized relationship-centered plan of care for adult client(s).

C. Provide culturally sensitive care to adults from diverse backgrounds.

D. Identify opportunities for client advocacy.

E. Use verbal and nonverbal communication that promotes caring, therapeutic relationships with adult clients.

F. Reinforce health-related education provided to adult clients.

III. Collaborate with the client and members of the interprofessional health care team to promote continuity of care and shared decision-making.

A. Participate as a member of the interprofessional health care team.

B. Communicate client-related information to designated members of the healthcare team in a timely manner.

C. Collaborate with the healthcare team when a situation requires knowledge/actions beyond the expertise and scope of LPN practice.

IV. Use current evidence as a basis for nursing practice.

A. Access evidence from credible resources.

B. Utilize current evidence as a basis for nursing practice.

V. Use information and client care technology to support the delivery of safe, quality client care.

A. Use information technology to communicate with other members of the health care team.

B. Use information technology to securely and accurately document nursing care while monitoring client response.

C. Use client care technology in a way that supports quality and safe processes of care.

VI. Participate in quality improvement practices evaluating their effect on client outcomes.

A. Report concerns related to the quality of client care.

B. Reflect on individual action necessary to provide quality care.

VII. Provide an environment that is safe and reduces risk of harm for clients, self, and others.

A. Report actual and potential safety risks to clients, self, and others in the health care environment.

B. Implement actions that promote safe practice and a safe environment for clients, self, and others.

C. Implement interventions consistent with the National Patient Safety Goals in selected settings. VIII. Demonstrate accountability for client care that incorporates legal and ethical principles, regulatory guidelines, and standards of nursing practice.

A. Practice nursing in accordance with the Kansas PN scope of practice as dictated by state's practical nursing regulations and statutes.

B. Use the Client Bill of Rights, and the Self Determination Act along with an established nursing code of ethics as a personal framework for practice.

C. Maintain personal and professional accountability in the delivery of client care.

D. Practice in accordance with institutional policies and procedures. I

X. Use leadership skills that support the provision and coordination of client care.

A. Use organizational and time management when providing client care.

B. Support assistive personnel with client care tasks.

C. Supervise assistive personnel to whom tasks have been assigned.

Content Outline and Competencies:

I. Principles of Pharmacology

A. Describe the role of the United States Food and Drug Administration in determining the safety of drugs for use by the population.

B. Define common terminology, abbreviations and symbols used in describing drug properties.

C. Describe common terminology used for medication administration.

D. Differentiate between the terms pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics.

E. Identify measures that support safe medication administration.

F. Define the following terms: drug actions, side effects, adverse effects, nursing implications, contraindications, and interactions.

G. Describe the various resources that support evidence-based drug information.

H. Discuss legal/ethical issues related to medication administration.

II. Safe Medication Administration

A. Discuss factors that can decrease the risk of making a medication error.

B. Identify the rights of medication administration.

C. Determine the various routes by which medication can be administered.

D. Perform basic metric conversions and drug calculations.

E. Discuss the role of the nurse related to educating clients about their medications.

F. Demonstrate proper techniques that support safe medication administration (oral, ophthalmic, otic, nasal, rectal, topical, inhaled, vaginal, subcutaneous, intramuscular, and intradermal medications).

Content Outline and Competencies:

I. Trends in maternal health care

A. Identify current trends in maternal health care.

B. Discuss the effect of current trends on maternal health care.

C. Discuss the role of the nurse in women’s/maternal health care.

D. Describe the role of the family during the perinatal experience.

II. Legal/ethical issues

A. Identify current legal/ethical issues in reproductive health care.

B. Discuss the nurse’s role in caring for clients who have had a therapeutic abortion, in-vitro fertilization, or have had a baby through a surrogate pregnancy.

III. Reproductive health care

A. Describe various methods of female and male contraception.

B. Discuss advantages and disadvantages of identified methods of contraception.

C. Identify the most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) that affect the male and female reproductive systems, including gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis, genital herpes, hepatitis B and HIV.

D. Describe the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, medical management and nursing care of clients who have common STDs.

IV. Antepartum care

A. Discuss the components in the physical and psychosocial assessment of the pregnant woman.

B. Describe physiological changes that occur in women during the normal antepartum period.

C. Discuss nutritional needs of the pregnant woman and the effects of poor nutrition on the mother and baby.

D. Describe common diagnostic procedures/tests that may be used during the antepartum experience.

E. Identify commonly prescribed and over-the-counter medications used during the antepartum period.

F. Discuss the effects of medications used during the antepartum period and their nursing implications.

G. Describe health education needs of the pregnant woman during the antepartum period.

H. Identify signs and symptoms of common complications of pregnancy and appropriate nursing interventions.

I. Health Alteration/ Complications of Pregnancy to include the following: pregnancy induced hypertension, hyperemesis gravidarum, gestational diabetes, type 1 diabetic mother, TORCH infections, eclampsia

V. Intrapartum care

A. Describe the four stages of labor.

B. Discuss the role of fetal monitoring during active labor.

C. Recognize variations from normal on a fetal monitoring strip.

D. Discuss the nurse’s role in providing comfort and support to client and family during the intrapartum experience.

VI. Postpartum care

A. Describe the physiological changes that occur during the postpartum experience.

B. Describe the nursing assessment components and interventions appropriate for the care of the postpartum client.

C. Identify common medications used for the postpartum client.

D. Discuss the use of medications commonly used by the postpartum client, their actions, potential side effects, and related nursing interventions.

E. Identify complications that may occur during the postpartum experience.

F. Discuss appropriate nursing interventions while caring for patients experiencing complications.

G. Describe the role of the nurse in promoting the bonding experience between mother and baby.

H. Discuss health education needs of the mother and family as well as the role of the nurse in providing the teaching.

I. Health Alteration/ Postpartum Complications (hemorrhage)

VII. Newborn care

A. Describe the physiological needs of the normal newborn.

B. Discuss newborn assessment, including use of Apgar scores and the importance of testing reflexes.

C. Describe common diagnostic tests used for newborns including the purpose of the tests and nursing implications.

D. Discuss care of the normal newborn.

E. Discuss nutritional needs of the newborn.

F. Explain advantages of breast feeding versus bottle feeding.

G. Describe common potential newborn complications that may occur (infant of a diabetic mother, hyperbilirubinemia, blood incompatibilities).

H. Identify common medications given during the neonatal period.

VIII. Basic Concepts of Pediatric Nursing

A. Identify current trends in child health.

B. Describe physical and psychosocial assessments for children of all age groups.

C. Describe the role of play for children of all age groups.

D. Discuss elimination needs for children of all age groups.

E. Describe the role of the nurse in caring for children and their families of different cultures and ethnicities.

F. Identify types of families, their purpose, and implications in caring for children.

G. Identify the most common safety issues for children of all age groups.

H. Identify methods of communication with children of all age groups and their families.

I. Describe well-child and preventive care provided for children of all age groups.

J. Demonstrate techniques for safe administration of medications, including pediatric dosage calculations, to children of all age groups.

K. Discuss principles of pain management for children of all age groups.

L. Discuss the child and family’s response to illness and ability to cope with the stressor of hospitalization.

M. Apply knowledge of physiological, psychosocial, and developmental variations when planning care for children of all ages during the pre- and postoperative phases of the surgical experience.

IX. Communicable diseases

A. Discuss common communicable diseases of childhood, their signs and symptoms, and appropriate nursing interventions and education to prevent transmission of communicable diseases.

B. Review the CDC’s schedule for immunizations to protect against communicable diseases.

C. Describe the nurses’ role in promoting scheduled immunizations of children.

1. Varicella

2. Rubella

3. Rubeola

4. Fifth disease

5. Mumps

6. Conjunctivitis

7. Epstein-Barr virus (Infectious mononucleosis)

X. Pediatric emergencies and accident prevention

A. Identify risk factors and injuries consistent with child and sexual abuse and neglect.

B. Identify appropriate persons/agencies to whom suspected abuse and neglect should be reported.

C. Describe the role of the nurse in providing family-centered care for children who have sustained an accident.

D. Identify health education and safety needs for children who sustained an accident and their families.

E. Describe the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, emergency management and nursing interventions for children involved in an accident such as:

1. Drowning

2. Poisoning

3. Burns

4. Choking and suffocation

5. Electrical shock

XI. Dehydration and Overhydration

A. Recognize alterations in the laboratory values of electrolytes, significant weight change parameters, physiologic manifestations, and changes in child’s behavior that indicate dehydration or overhydration.

B. Compare and contrast the amount of body surface of newborns, infants, and children.

C. Apply knowledge of pathophysiology when planning care for clients with dehydration or overhydration.

D. Identify priority actions for clients with dehydration or overhydration.

XII. Alteration in Regulation and Metabolism

A. Recognize components of a focused assessment that should be included when collecting data on children who have an alteration in regulation and metabolism.

B. Apply knowledge of anatomy, physiology, basic pathophysiology, nutrition, and developmental variations when helping to plan care for children who have an alteration in regulation and metabolism.

C. Identify priority actions for children who have an alteration in regulation and metabolism.

D. Apply knowledge of the actions, potential side effects, and nursing implications when administering medications to children who have an alteration in regulation and metabolism.

E. Recognize alterations in laboratory values related to alterations in regulation and metabolism.

F. Discuss the correct use and functioning of therapeutic devices that support regulation and metabolism.

G. Describe the role of the nurse in providing quality care to children who have an alteration in regulation and metabolism.

H. Identify health care education and safety needs for children who have an alteration in regulation and metabolism.

I. Health Alteration/ Endocrine/exocrine disorders (type 1 diabetes - pediatric implications; growth hormone deficiency; phenylketonuria)

XIII. Alteration in Oxygenation

A. Recognize components of a focused assessment that should be included when collecting data on children who have an alteration in oxygenation.

B. Apply knowledge of anatomy, physiology, basic pathophysiology, nutrition, and developmental variations when helping to plan care for children who have an alteration in oxygenation.

C. Identify priority actions for children who have an alteration in oxygenation.

D. Apply knowledge of the actions, potential side effects, and nursing implications when administering medications to children who have an alteration in oxygenation.

E. Recognize alterations in pulse oximetry and other laboratory values related to alterations in oxygenation.

F. Discuss the correct use and functioning of therapeutic devices that support oxygenation.

G. Describe the role of the nurse in providing quality care to children who have an alteration in oxygenation.

H. Identify health care education and safety needs for children who have an alteration in oxygenation. Health Alteration/ Infectious and inflammatory disorders (upper/lower respiratory infections, tonsillitis, Respiratory Syncytial Virus)/ Obstructive disorders (croup syndromes, asthma, cystic fibrosis)/ Unknown etiology disorders (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome).

XIV. Alteration in Cardiac Output and Tissue Perfusion

A. Recognize components of a focused assessment that should be included when collecting data on children who have an alteration in cardiac output and tissue perfusion.

B. Apply knowledge of anatomy, physiology, basic pathophysiology, nutrition, and developmental variations when helping to plan care for children who have an alteration in cardiac output and tissue perfusion.

C. Identify priority actions for children who have an alteration in cardiac output and tissue perfusion.

D. Apply knowledge of the actions, potential side effects, and nursing implications when administering medications to children who have an alteration in cardiac output and tissue perfusion.

E. Recognize alterations in laboratory values and screening tests related to alterations in cardiac output and tissue perfusion.

F. Discuss the correct use and functioning of therapeutic devices that support cardiac output and tissue perfusion.

G. Describe the role of the nurse in providing quality care to children who have an alteration in cardiac output and tissue perfusion.

H. Identify health care education and safety needs for children who have an alteration in cardiac output and tissue perfusion.

I. Health Alteration/ Congenital disorders (congenital heart disease) Health Alteration/ Decreased cardiac output (congestive heart failure-pediatric implications)/ Elevated lipids (hyperlipidemia)

J. Health Alteration/ Hematologic disorders (iron deficiency anemia, sickle cell anemia, hemophilia, leukemias)

K. Pharmacology/ Cardiac glycosides, Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors, Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE inhibitors), Diuretics

L. Nutrition/ Iron supplements and iron rich foods/ Caffeine restricted diet/ Vitamin C, E, folate, zinc supplements

XV. Alteration in Cognition and Sensation

A. Recognize components of a focused assessment that should be included when collecting data on children who have an alteration in cognition and sensation.

B. Apply knowledge of anatomy, physiology, basic pathophysiology, nutrition, and developmental variations when helping to plan care for children who have an alteration in cognition and sensation.

C. Identify priority actions for children who have an alteration in cognition and sensation.

D. Apply knowledge of the actions, potential side effects, and nursing implications when administering medications to children who have an alteration in cognition and sensation.

E. Recognize alterations in laboratory values related to alterations in cognition and sensation.

F. Discuss the correct use and functioning of therapeutic devices that support cognition and sensation.

G. Describe the role of the nurse in providing quality care to children who have an alteration in cognition and sensation.

H. Identify health care education and safety needs for children who have an alteration in cognition and sensation.

I. Health Alteration/ Infectious and inflammatory disorders (meningitis)

J. Health Alteration/ Electrical conduction disorders (seizure disorders, cerebral palsy)

K. Health Alteration/ Congenital disorders (Down Syndrome, anencephaly)

L. Health Alteration/ Vision related disorders (strabismus, conjunctivitis, amblyopia)

M. Health Alteration/ Hearing related disorders (otitis media, otitis externa)

XVI. Alteration in Integument

A. Recognize components of a focused assessment that should be included when collecting data on children who have an alteration in integument.

B. Apply knowledge of anatomy, physiology, basic pathophysiology, nutrition, and developmental variations when helping to plan care for children who have an alteration in integument.

C. Identify priority actions for children who have an alteration in integument.

D. Apply knowledge of the actions, potential side effects, and nursing implications when administering medications to children who have an alteration in integument.

E. Recognize alterations in laboratory values related to alterations in integument.

F. Discuss the correct use and functioning of therapeutic devices that support integument.

G. Describe the role of the nurse in providing quality care to children who have an alteration in integument.

H. Identify health care education and safety needs for children who have an alteration in integument.

I. Health Alteration/ Infectious and inflammatory disorders (bacterial/viral/fungal; arthropod bites/stings; skin infestations; contact/atopic dermatitis, MRSA)

XVII. Alteration in Mobility

A. Recognize components of a focused assessment that should be included when collecting data on children who have an alteration in mobility.

B. Apply knowledge of anatomy, physiology, basic pathophysiology, nutrition, and developmental variations when helping to plan care for children who have an alteration in mobility.

C. Identify priority actions for children who have an alteration in mobility.

D. Apply knowledge of the actions, potential side effects, and nursing implications when administering medications to children who have an alteration in mobility.

E. Recognize alterations in laboratory values related to alterations in mobility.

F. Discuss the correct use and functioning of therapeutic devices that support mobility.

G. Describe the role of the nurse in providing quality care to children who have an alteration in mobility.

H. Understand basic pathophysiology related to signs and symptoms, screening methods, and care for infants/children with alterations in mobility.

I. Identify health care education and safety needs for children who have an alteration in mobility.

J. Health alteration/ Trauma related disorders (simple fractures and casting)

K. Health alteration/ Spinal malalignment disorders (scoliosis, spina bifida)

L. Health alteration/ Abnormal cell proliferation disorders (osteosarcoma, Ewing’s sarcoma)

XVIII. Alteration in Nutrition/Elimination

A. Recognize components of a focused assessment that should be included when collecting data on children who have an alteration in elimination.

B. Apply knowledge of anatomy, physiology, basic pathophysiology, nutrition, and developmental variations when helping to plan care for children who have an alteration in elimination.

C. Identify priority actions for children who have an alteration in elimination.

D. Apply knowledge of the actions, potential side effects, and nursing implications when administering medications to children who have an alteration in elimination.

E. Recognize alterations in laboratory values related to alterations in elimination.

F. Discuss the correct use and functioning of therapeutic devices that support elimination.

G. Describe the role of the nurse in providing quality care to children who have an alteration in elimination.

H. Identify health care education and safety needs for children who have an alteration in elimination.

I. Health alteration/ Congenital disorders (cleft lip, cleft palate, tracheoesophageal fistula, pyloric stenosis, imperforate anus, hypo/hyperspadias, cryptorchidism)

J. Health alteration/ Infectious and inflammatory disorders (gastroenteritis – pediatric considerations, celiac disease, intestinal parasites)

K. Health alteration/ Nutritional deficiency disorders (failure to thrive)

L. Health alteration/ Infectious and inflammatory disorders (urinary tract infections, acute glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome)

Content Outline and Competencies:

I. Provide nursing care that is relationship-centered, caring, culturally sensitive and based on the physiological, psychosocial and spiritual needs of clients with commonly occurring health problems that have predictable outcomes.

A. Perform a focused assessment on childbearing women, newborns, children and adolescents differentiating between expected and unexpected findings.

B. Contribute to the development of an individualized relationship-centered plan of care for childbearing women, newborns, children and adolescents.

C. Provide culturally sensitive care to childbearing women, newborns, children and adolescents from diverse backgrounds.

D. Identify opportunities for client advocacy.

E. Use verbal and nonverbal communication that promotes caring, therapeutic relationships with childbearing women, newborns, children and adolescents.

F. Reinforce health-related education provided to childbearing women, newborns, children and adolescents.

II. Collaborate with the client and members of the interprofessional health care team to promote continuity of care and shared decision-making.

A. Participate as a member of the interprofessional health care team.

B. Communicate client-related information to designated members of the healthcare team in a timely manner.

C. Collaborate with the healthcare team when a situation requires knowledge/actions beyond the expertise and scope of LPN practice.

III. Use current evidence as a basis for nursing practice.

A. Access evidence from credible resources.

B. Utilize current evidence as a basis for nursing practice.

IV. Use information and client care technology to support the delivery of safe, quality client care.

A. Use information technology to communicate with other members of the health care team.

B. Use information technology to securely and accurately document nursing care while monitoring client response.

C. Use client care technology in a way that supports quality and safe processes of care.

V. Participate in quality improvement practices evaluating their effect on client outcomes.

A. Report concerns related to the quality of client care.

B. Reflect on individual action necessary to provide quality care.

VI. Provide an environment that is safe and reduces risk of harm for clients, self, and others.

A. Report actual and potential safety risks to clients, self, and others in the health care environment.

B. Implement actions that promote safe practice and a safe environment for clients, self, and others.

C. Implement interventions consistent with the National Patient Safety Goals in selected settings.

VII. Demonstrate accountability for client care that incorporates legal and ethical principles, regulatory guidelines, and standards of nursing practice.

A. Practice nursing in accordance with the Kansas PN scope of practice as dictated by state's practical nursing regulations and statutes.

B. Use the Client Bill of Rights, and the Self Determination Act along with an established nursing code of ethics as a personal framework for practice.

C. Maintain personal and professional accountability in the delivery of client care.

D. Practice in accordance with institutional policies and procedures.

VIII. Use leadership skills that support the provision and coordination of client care.

A. Use organizational, time management, and priority setting skills when providing client care.

B. Support assistive personnel with client care tasks.

C. Supervise assistive personnel to whom tasks have been assigned.

Content Outline and Competencies:

I. Explore the Concepts of Mental Health, Wellness and Illness/ Foundations of Mental Health Nursing

A. Describe the characteristics of mental health, wellness, and illness.

B. Identify the components of mental health and the variety of factors that influence its development.

C. Discuss the purpose and use of the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.

D. Apply the American Nurses Association standards of practice for psychiatric mental health nursing.

E. Identify major trends in mental health nursing.

II. Explore the Concepts of Mental Health, Wellness and Illness/ Psychosocial Theories

A. Explain the basic beliefs and approaches of the following psychosocial theories: Psychoanalytic, Developmental, Behavioral, and Humanistic.

B. Apply Maslow’s Hierarchy of Human Needs theory to the mental health client.

C. Identify how psychosocial theoretical perspectives have influenced current nursing practice.

D. Discuss the impact of cultural influences on mental health.

III. Explore the Concepts of Mental Health, Wellness and Illness/ Treatment Settings and Therapeutic Programs

A. Discuss the importance of establishing and maintaining a therapeutic environment.

B. Investigate the various settings in which mental health treatment is offered.

C. Identify barriers to effective mental health treatment for homeless people and those in the criminal justice system.

D. Describe the multidisciplinary roles within the mental health team.

E. Discuss the role and responsibilities of psychiatric nurses.

F. Identify the impact of nursing theories on mental health nursing.

IV. Explore the Concepts of Mental Health, Wellness and Illness/ Legal and Ethical Issues

A. Explain the purpose of the Patient’s Bill of Rights.

B. Describe the rights of the client in a psychiatric setting.

C. Compare and contrast aspects of voluntary and involuntary admissions.

D. Identify the legal and ethical issues related to seclusion and restraint.

E. Describe expected behaviors required of the nurse caring for the mentally ill client.

V. Investigate Therapeutic Modalities/ Therapeutic Relationships

A. Explain the various types of interpersonal relationships.

B. Describe the nature and goals of a therapeutic nurse-client relationship.

C. Explore techniques that might enhance the development of trust, respect, security, and a therapeutic nurse-client relationship.

D. Identify factors that can interfere with the therapeutic nurse-client relationship.

VI. Investigate Therapeutic Modalities/ Therapeutic Communication

A. Discuss the goals of therapeutic communication.

B. Identify therapeutic and non-therapeutic communication techniques.

C. Compare the characteristics of verbal and nonverbal communication.

D. Distinguish between concrete and abstract messages.

E. Discuss the importance of privacy and respecting physical and social boundaries in communicating with mental health clients.

F. Describe communication by the client that requires nurses to breach confidentiality.

VII. Investigate Therapeutic Modalities/ Mental Health Assessment

A. Explain the purpose of the mental status examination.

B. Identify steps involved in conducting a holistic nursing assessment of the psychiatric client.

C. Describe methods of data collection in the mental health setting and documentation techniques.

D. Identify guidelines for conducting effective psychiatric interviews.

E. Discuss physiologic functions and self-care considerations to be addressed in the mentally ill client.

1. Cluster A/ paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal personality disorders

2. Cluster B/ antisocial, borderline, and narcissistic personality disorders

3. Cluster C/ dependent, obsessive-compulsive, and avoidant personality disorders

VIII. Investigate Therapeutic Modalities/ Pharmacotherapeutics, Electro physiotherapy, and Psychotherapy

A. Discuss the use of electroconvulsive therapy.

B. Explain the role of the nurse in individual, family, group, and online treatment modalities.

C. Describe mental health conditions appropriate for various neurobiological treatment applications.

D. Explain the relationship of pharmacological treatment to neurobiological theories.

E. Identify the major categories of medications used to treat mental illnesses, discussing uses, actions, side effects, adverse reactions, and nursing implications.

IX. Explore the Nursing Care of Clients with Common Mental Health Disorders/ Anxiety Disorders

A. Define and describe anxiety.

B. Outline levels of anxiety and list behavioral manifestations associated with each level.

C. Discuss defense mechanisms and coping strategies associated with anxiety disorders.

D. Describe theories concerning the causes of anxiety disorders.

E. Describe the clinical manifestations, goals, nursing interventions, and treatment of clients with selected anxiety disorders.

F. Discuss the actions, side effects, adverse reactions, and nursing implications for medications used to treat anxiety disorders.

G. Apply the nursing process in identifying nursing care plan needs for clients experiencing anxiety and/or anxiety disorders.

X. Explore the Nursing Care of Clients with Common Mental Health Disorders/ Schizophrenia

A. Differentiate between positive signs and symptoms and negative signs and symptoms of schizophrenia.

B. Discuss theories of causation of schizophrenia.

C. Describe the clinical manifestations, goals, nursing interventions, and treatment of clients with schizophrenia.

D. Discuss the actions, side effects, adverse reactions, and nursing implications for medications used to treat schizophrenia.

E. Apply the nursing process in identifying nursing care plan needs for clients with schizophrenia.

XI. Explore the Nursing Care of Clients with Common Mental Health Disorders/ Mood Disorders

A. Discuss theories regarding causation of mood disorders.

B. Describe components of commonly used rating scales for depression.

C. Describe the clinical manifestations, goals, nursing interventions, and treatment of clients with selected mood disorders.

D. Identify populations at risk for suicide.

E. Describe how to assess a client’s risk for suicide, including assessment of lethality.

F. Explore electroconvulsive therapy.

G. Discuss the actions, side effects, adverse reactions, and nursing implications for medications used to treat selected mood disorders.

H. Apply the nursing process in identifying nursing care needs of clients a mood disorder.

XII. Explore the Nursing Care of Clients with Common Mental Health Disorders/ Personality Disorders

A. Compare and contrast the characteristics of the three clusters of personality disorders.

B. Describe behaviors associated with specific types of personality disorders.

C. Discuss factors thought to contribute to the development of personality disorders.

D. Identify potential challenges in establishing a therapeutic relationship with a client with a personality disorder.

E. Describe current treatment modalities for clients with personality disorders.

F. Apply the nursing process in identifying the nursing care plan needs of clients with personality disorders.

XIII. Explore the Nursing Care of Clients with Common Mental Health Disorders/ Eating Disorders

A. Compare and contrast anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.

B. Discuss etiological theories pertaining to eating disorders.

C. Describe societal and cultural influences on body image, diet and exercise.

D. List treatment goals for clients with eating disorders.

E. Outline a teaching plan for clients with eating disorders and/or their families.

F. Apply the nursing process in identifying nursing care plan needs of clients with eating disorders.

XIV. Explore the Nursing Care of Clients with Common Mental Health Disorders/ Somatic Symptom Illnesses

A. Define psychosomatic illness.

B. Discuss etiological theories pertaining to somatic illnesses.

C. Describe the characteristics and dynamics of somatic illnesses.

D. Differentiate between primary and secondary gains experienced by clients with somatic illnesses.

E. Describe the three central features of somatic illnesses.

F. Apply the nursing process to identifying nursing care plan needs of clients with somatic illnesses.

XV. Explore the Nursing Care of Clients with Common Mental Health Disorders/ Child and Adolescent Disorders

A. Discuss risk factors, characteristics, and family dynamics pertaining to child and adolescent mental health disorders.

B. Identify the treatment modalities for children and adolescents with selected mental health disorders.

C. Outline components of a teaching plan for parents, family, and clients with selected mental health disorders.

D. Apply the nursing process in identifying nursing care plan needs of children and adolescents with mental health disorders.

XVI. Explore the Nursing Care of Clients with Common Mental Health Disorders/ Cognitive Disorders

A. Describe the characteristics of and risk factors for cognitive disorders.

B. Differentiate between delirium and dementia.

C. Identify the clinical manifestations of Alzheimer’s disease.

D. Discuss the components of a mini mental status examination.

E. Explore safety and security, legal and ethical issues surrounding care of a client with a cognitive disorder.

F. Outline components of a teaching plan for caregivers of client with cognitive disorders.

G. Apply the nursing process in identifying nursing care needs of clients with cognitive disorders.

XVII. Identify Nursing Care for Clients Experiencing Abuse, Neglect or Chemical Dependency/ Anger, Hostility, and Aggression

A. Discuss anger, hostility, and aggression.

B. Identify mental health disorders that may be associated with an increased risk of physical aggression.

C. Explore aggression and outline its signs, symptoms and behavioral manifestations.

D. Define restraints.

E. Explore appropriate nursing interventions for prevention and management of aggressive behaviors.

F. Apply the nursing process to identifying nursing care needs of clients at risk for anger, hostility, and/or aggression.

XVIII. Identify Nursing Care for Clients Experiencing Abuse, Neglect or Chemical Dependency/ Abuse and Violence

A. Discuss characteristics and risk factors associated with abusive and violent behaviors.

B. Examine incidences and trends in domestic violence, child, and elder abuse.

C. Describe the legal responsibilities of healthcare providers in documentation and reporting of suspected or known abuse.

D. Discuss assessment indicators and interventions for child, adult, and elder abuse.

E. Promote abuse awareness and prevention activities.

F. Apply the nursing process to identifying the needs of perpetrators and victims of abuse or violence.

XIX. Identify Nursing Care for Clients Experiencing Abuse, Neglect or Chemical Dependency/ Substance Abuse

A. Describe the various types of substance abuse.

B. Discuss etiology, risk factors, and family dynamics as they relate to substance abuse.

C. Outline onset and clinical course of alcoholism.

D. Describe the signs and symptoms of withdrawal and explore detoxification treatments.

E. Explore various treatment settings and identify community-based and/or support services.

F. Discuss substance abuse as it occurs among health care providers and examine the Kansas Nurse Assistance Program.

G. Apply the nursing process in identifying the nursing care plan needs of clients with alcohol and/or substance abuse issues.

Content Outline and Competencies:

I. Fluids, Electrolytes, and Acid-Base Balance

A. Recognize alterations in the laboratory values of arterial pH, CO2, HCO3, and O2 indicative of respiratory and metabolic acidosis or alkalosis.

B. Differentiate between the clinical manifestation’s indicative of respiratory and metabolic acidosis or alkalosis.

C. Apply knowledge of pathophysiology when planning care for clients with respiratory or metabolic acidosis or alkalosis.

D. Identify priority actions for clients with respiratory and metabolic acidosis or alkalosis.

E. Recognize the indications for administration of potassium supplements, Kayexalate, and sodium bicarbonate.

II. Alterations in Cognition and Sensation

A. Recognize components of a focused assessment that should be included when collecting data on adults who have an alteration in cognition and sensation.

B. Apply knowledge of anatomy, physiology, pathophysiology, nutrition, and developmental variations when helping to plan care for adults who have an alteration in cognition and sensation.

C. Identify priority actions for adults who have an alteration in cognition and sensation.

D. Apply knowledge of the actions, potential side effects, and nursing implications when administering medications to adults who have an alteration in cognition and sensation.

E. Recognize alterations in laboratory values related to alterations in cognition and sensation.

F. Discuss the correct use and functioning of therapeutic devices that support cognition and sensation.

G. Describe the role of the nurse in providing quality care to adults who have an alteration in cognition and sensation.

H. Identify health care education and safety needs for adults who have an alteration in cognition and sensation.

1. Health Alterations/Trauma related disorders (head injuries, spinal cord injuries)

2. Health Alterations/Degenerative neurological disorders (Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, dementias, multiple sclerosis)

3. Health Alterations/Abnormal cell proliferation disorders (brain tumors)

4. Health Alterations/Ischemic disorders (TIA, cerebrovascular accident)

5. Health Alterations/Multiple etiological disorders (migraines, cluster)

6. Health Alterations/Vision related disorders (cataracts, glaucoma, macular degeneration)

7. Health Alterations/Hearing related (hearing loss – conductive, sensorineural; vertigo)

8. Pharmacology/ Disease modifying drugs for MS (immunomodulators, immunosuppressants, glatiramer acetate)

9. Pharmacology/ Migraine drugs (ergot alkaloids, serotonin reuptake antagonists, beta blockers)

10. Pharmacology/ Centrally acting muscle relaxants

11. Pharmacology/ Osmotic diuretics

12. Pharmacology/ Dopaminergic

13. Pharmacology/ Cholinesterase inhibitors

14. Pharmacology/ Topical agents for glaucoma (beta blockers, cholinergic agonists)

15. Pharmacology/ NMDA receptor antagonists

16. Pharmacology/ Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

17. Nutrition/ Dysphagia diets (pureed, ground, soft, modified general diets)

18. Nutrition/ Commercial thickeners

19. Nutrition/ Nutritional supplements and tube feedings

III. Alterations in Immunity and Hematology

A. Recognize components of a focused assessment that should be included when collecting data on adults who have an alteration in immunity and hematology.

B. Apply knowledge of anatomy, physiology, pathophysiology, nutrition, and developmental variations when helping to plan care for adults who have an alteration in immunity and hematology.

C. Identify priority actions for adults who have an alteration in immunity and hematology.

D. Apply knowledge of the actions, potential side effects, and nursing implications when administering medications to adults who have an alteration in immunity and hematology.

E. Recognize alterations in laboratory values related to alterations in immunity and hematology.

F. Discuss the correct use and functioning of therapeutic devices that support immunity and hematology.

G. Describe the role of the nurse in providing quality care to adults who have an alteration in immunity and hematology.

H. Identify health care education and safety needs for adults who have an alteration in immunity and hematology.

1. Health Alterations/Immunosuppression disorders (HIV/AIDS)

2. Health Alterations/Hypersensitivity reactions (allergies, anaphylaxis)

3. Health Alterations/Infectious and inflammatory disorders (rheumatoid arthritis)

4. Health Alterations/Autoimmune disorders (Myasthenia gravis, systemic lupus erythematosus)

5. Health Alterations/Coagulation disorders (Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, Disseminated intravascular coagulation)

6. Health Alterations/Hematologic disorders/RBC & platelets (anemias, DIC)

7. Health Alterations/Hematologic disorders/WBC & lymphatic (Agranulocytosis, multiple myeloma, lymphedema, lymphomas)

8. Pharmacology/ Antihistamines

9. Pharmacology/ Antiretroviral drugs (NRTIs, NNRTIs, PIs, fusion inhibitor)

10. Pharmacology/ Immunosuppressants (calcineurin inhibitors, cytotoxic, antibodies)

11. Pharmacology/ Corticosteroids, Glucocorticoids

12. Pharmacology/ Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs – first and second generation)

13. Pharmacology/ Disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs – I, II, III, IV)

14. Pharmacology/ Antimetabolites (folic acid analogs)

15. Pharmacology/ Antiplatelets

16. Pharmacology/ Anticoagulants

17. Pharmacology/ Low-dose heparin

18. Pharmacology/ Thrombolytics

19. Pharmacology/ Iron, Vitamin B12, folic acid supplements

20. Nutrition/ Low purine diet

21. Nutrition/ High calorie, high protein diet

IV. Alterations in Mobility

A. Recognize components of a focused assessment that should be included when collecting data on adults who have an alteration in mobility.

B. Apply knowledge of anatomy, physiology, pathophysiology, nutrition, and developmental variations when helping to plan care for adults who have an alteration in mobility.

C. Identify priority actions for adults who have an alteration in mobility.

D. Apply knowledge of the actions, potential side effects, and nursing implications when administering medications to adults who have an alteration in mobility.

E. Recognize alterations in laboratory values related to alterations in mobility.

F. Discuss the correct use and functioning of therapeutic devices that support mobility.

G. Describe the role of the nurse in providing quality care to adults who have an alteration in mobility.

H. Identify health care education and safety needs for adults who have an alteration in mobility.

1. Health Alterations/Trauma related disorders (complex fractures & immobilizing interventions, fat emboli)

2. Health Alterations/Ischemia related disorders (amputations)

3. Health Alterations/Infectious and inflammatory disorders (osteomyelitis)

4. Health Alterations/Degenerative musculoskeletal disorders (osteoporosis, osteoarthritis and joint replacement)

V. Alterations in Reproduction

A. Recognize components of a focused assessment that should be included when collecting data on adults who have an alteration in reproduction.

B. Apply knowledge of anatomy, physiology, pathophysiology, nutrition, and developmental variations when helping to plan care for adults who have an alteration in reproduction.

C. Identify priority actions for adults who have an alteration in reproduction.

D. Apply knowledge of the actions, potential side effects, and nursing implications when administering medications to adults who have an alteration in reproduction.

E. Recognize alterations in laboratory values related to alterations in reproduction.

F. Discuss the correct use and functioning of therapeutic devices that support reproduction.

G. Describe the role of the nurse in providing quality care to adults who have an alteration in reproduction.

H. Identify health care education and safety needs for adults who have an alteration in reproduction.

1. Health Alterations/Hormonal disorders (menstrual disorders, menopause)

2. Health Alterations/Impaired functioning/sexual (erectile dysfunction, decreased libido)

3. Health Alterations/Structural abnormality (rectocele, cystocele)

4. Health Alterations/Abnormal cell proliferation disorders (fibroadenomas of the breast, breast cancer, fibroid tumors of the uterus, uterine cancer, cervical cancer, benign prostatic hypertrophy, prostatic cancer, testicular cancer)

5. Pharmacology/ Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs)

6. Pharmacology/ Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)

7. Pharmacology/ Antibiotics (penicillin’s, cephalosporins, tetracycline, quinolones, carbapenems)

8. Pharmacology/ PDE5 inhibitors

9. Pharmacology/ Testosterone

10. Pharmacology/ Vaginal lubricants

11. Pharmacology/ Cancer fighting drugs: Cytotoxic agents

12. Pharmacology/ Cancer fighting drugs: Hormonal agents

13. Pharmacology/ Cancer fighting drugs: Biologic response modifiers

14. Pharmacology/ Cancer fighting drugs: Targeted drugs

15. Medications for nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy/ Serotonin antagonists

16. Medications for nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy/ Dopamine antagonists

17. Medications for nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy/ Cannabinoids

VI. Alterations in Elimination

A. Recognize components of a focused assessment that should be included when collecting data on adults who have an alteration in elimination.

B. Apply knowledge of anatomy, physiology, pathophysiology, nutrition, and developmental variations when helping to plan care for adults who have an alteration in elimination.

C. Identify priority actions for adults who have an alteration in elimination.

D. Apply knowledge of the actions, potential side effects, and nursing implications when administering medications to adults who have an alteration in elimination.

E. Recognize alterations in laboratory values related to alterations in elimination.

F. Discuss the correct use and functioning of therapeutic devices that support elimination.

G. Identify health care education and safety needs for adults who have an alteration in elimination.

H. Describe the role of the nurse in providing quality care to adults who have an alteration in elimination.

1. Health Alterations/Infectious and inflammatory disorders (esophagitis, GERD, gastroenteritis, peptic ulcer disease, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis; pancreatitis, cholecystitis, hepatitis, cirrhosis, appendicitis

2. Health Alterations/Structural disorders (esophageal varices, diverticulitis, intestinal obstruction, hernia)

3. Health Alterations/Abnormal cell proliferation disorders (esophageal cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer)

4. Health Alterations/Infectious and inflammatory disorders (cystitis, urethritis, pyelonephritis; glomerulonephritis, acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease)

5. Health Alterations/Renal calculi (urolithiasis)

6. Health Alterations/Abnormal cell proliferation (Kidney cancer, bladder cancer)

7. Pharmacology/ Proton pump inhibitors

8. Pharmacology/ Prostaglandin analogs

9. Pharmacology/ Mucosal protectant

10. Pharmacology/ IBS specific drugs

11. Pharmacology/ Antidiarrheals

12. Pharmacology/ Prokinetic agents

13. Pharmacology/ Hepatitis vaccinations

14. Pharmacology/ Laxatives, stool softeners

15. Pharmacology/ H2 receptor antagonists

16. Pharmacology/ Antacids

17. Pharmacology/ Erythropoietic growth factors

18. Pharmacology/ Antibiotics (sulfonamides, trimethoprim, amoxicillin, tetracycline, antiprotozoal)

19. Pharmacology/ Urinary tract antiseptics

20. Pharmacology/ Anticholinergics (for overactive bladder)

21. Nutrition/ High carbohydrate and calories, moderate fat and protein diet

22. Nutrition/ Limited fat, high protein, high carbohydrate diet

23. Nutrition/ Dietary measures to decrease esophageal reflux

24. Nutrition/ Low fiber, low lactose, high protein, high calorie diet, high fiber

25. Nutrition/ Fiber supplements

26. Nutrition/ Low sodium, low potassium, low protein diet

27. Nutrition/ Low purine diet

28. Nutrition/ Avoidance of bladder irritants

29. Nutrition/ Cranberry juice

VII. Emergency Preparedness

A. Discuss issues related to an internal threat, natural disaster, or a mass casualty situation.

B. Review prepared security plans and chain of responsibility for emergency situations.

C. Define the term triage and its related steps.

D. Determine priorities when evacuating clients from a client care setting.

Content Outline and Competencies:

I. Provide nursing care that is relationship-centered, caring, culturally sensitive and based on the physiological, psychosocial and spiritual needs of clients with commonly occurring health problems that have predictable outcomes.

A. Perform a focused assessment prioritizing assessment finding.

B. Prioritize the delivery of care using the nursing process.

C. Provide culturally sensitive care to clients from diverse backgrounds.

D. Advocate for client rights and needs.

E. Use verbal and nonverbal communication that promotes caring, therapeutic relationships with clients as well as professional relationships with members of the healthcare team.

F. Evaluate the acquisition of new knowledge and skills by clients who have received health-related education.

II. Collaborate with the client and members of the interprofessional health care team to promote continuity of care and shared decision-making.

A. Collaborate with members of the interprofessional health care team.

B. Prioritize the relevance of client-related information that should be shared with members of the healthcare team.

C. Collaborate with the healthcare team when a situation requires knowledge/actions beyond the expertise and scope of LPN practice.

III. Use current evidence as a basis for nursing practice.

A. Access evidence from credible resources, client preferences, and clinical expertise.

B. Use current evidence, client preferences, and clinical experience as a basis for nursing practice.

IV. Use information and client care technology to support the delivery of safe, quality client care.

A. Use information technology to support clinical decision-making in collaboration with the health care team.

B. Use information technology to securely and accurately document nursing care and evaluate client response.

C. Use client care technology to mitigate error and monitor outcomes of care processes.

V. Participate in quality improvement activities evaluating their effect on client outcomes.

A. Participate in quality improvement activities.

B. Reflect on the care provided in relation to client outcomes.

VI. Provide an environment that is safe and reduces risk of harm for clients, self, and others.

A. Implement corrective actions for actual and potential safety risks to clients, self, and others.

B. Implement actions that promote safe practice and a safe environment for clients, self, and others.

C. Implement interventions consistent with the National Patient Safety Goals in a variety of settings.

VII. Demonstrate accountability for client care that incorporates legal and ethical principles, regulatory guidelines, and standards of nursing practice

A. Practice nursing in accordance with the Kansas PN scope of practice as dictated by state's practical nursing regulations and statutes. vB. Use the Client Bill of Rights, and the Self Determination Act along with an established nursing code of ethics as a personal framework for practice.

C. Maintain personal and professional accountability in the delivery of client care.

D. Practice in accordance with institutional policies and procedures.

VIII. Use leadership skills that support the provision and coordination of client care.

A. Use organizational, time management and priority setting skills when coordinating the care of clients.

B. Assign client care tasks to assistive personnel.

C. Evaluate the performance of assistive personnel to whom tasks have been assigned.

Content Outline and Competencies:

I. Ageism

A. Define ageism.

B. Identify personal and social attitudes regarding aging.

C. Describe major economic concerns of aging

D. Describe changes in family dynamics

E. Discuss elder abuse.

F. Identify current trends and demographics

II. Alterations in physiological functioning associated with the aging process

A. Describe expected, acute and chronic changes in an older adult’s body systems.

B. Relate these changes to the aging process.

III. Psycho-social, spiritual and cultural considerations

A. Identify Cognitive-perceptual issues related to the aging adult.

B. Explore concepts related to self-perception and self-concept.

C. Examine changing roles and relationships.

D. Discuss stress reduction and coping mechanisms.

E. Consider common values and beliefs.

F. Explore effective communication techniques and resources for the aging adult.

G. Discuss loss and grief associated with aging and increased vulnerability.

H. Discuss sexuality in aging adults.

I. Explore factors affecting the aging family.

J. Identify the impact of spirituality and cultural rituals and beliefs.

IV. End-of-Life and Palliative Care

A. Explore the range of care options related to end of life care.

B. Differentiate between palliative, hospice, and comfort care.

C. Explore nursing interventions that support end of life care.

D. Identify strategies to promote pain management, pain, and rest.

V. Restorative and Rehabilitative Care

A. Discuss Interdisciplinary collaboration.

B. Examine strategies to promote mobility.

C. Outline planning, documentation and client teaching relative to restorative and rehabilitative care.

VI. Role of the practical nurse across the continuum of care for aging adults.

A. Describe factors which increase vulnerability in the aging adult.

B. Discuss options for care of the aging adult in the community.

C. Discuss options for care for the aging adult in a variety of healthcare facilities.

D. Explore the continuum of care for aging adults.

E. Examine expectations related to professionalism across the continuum of care.

F. Discuss the nurse’s role as an advocate for the aging adult.

VII. Health Promotion and Disease Prevention

A. Introduction to health promotion and disease prevention for aging adults.

B. Discuss polypharmacy.

C. Examine client teaching for safe administration of medication.

D. Identify immunization needs of aging adults.

E. Identify evidence-based practice related to skin care.

F. Explore client education techniques for the aging adult.

G. Outline nutrition and hydration needs of aging adults.

H. Discuss measures to promote safety, modify the environment and mitigate fall risk.

VIII. Legal and Ethical Issues

A. Discuss advanced directives.

B. Outline Client rights in healthcare settings.

C. Identify reporting requirements for elder abuse.

D. Differentiate among sources of funding for care.

E. Describe how HIPAA is applied across the continuum of care.

IX. Health Assessment

A. Review considerations for performing health assessments and the aging adult client.

B. Describe the components of a functional assessment.

C. Outline considerations for completing an environmental assessment.

D. Describe techniques for physical assessment of the aging adult client.

E. Outline components of a psychosocial assessment.

F. Describe federal, state, and facility specific assessment requirements.

Content Outline and Competencies:

I. Health Care Issues

A. Explain methods of payment options for clients of health care.

B. Discuss issues and trends that affect financing of health care and challenges the health care industry faces in providing accessible, equitable care.

C. Examine the role of the practical nurse in cost containment.

D. Discuss current national initiatives that affect the healthcare system:

1. IOM report

2. National Patient Safety Goals

II. Organizational Issues

A. Examine the organizational chart in relation to its implications for organizational authority, decision making, and professional control.

B. Compare and contrast nursing care delivery and its relationship to the roles of healthcare team members.

C. Examine the scope of practice in relation to the roles of RNs, LPNs, and unlicensed personnel with respect to chain of command.and their relationship to the management of a nursing unit.

D. Discuss the responsibility of the nurse in reporting unprofessional behavior such as suspected substance abuse by employees, workplace violence, and sexual harassment.

III. Transition Issues

A. Describe the regulatory authority of state boards of nursing.

B. Determine how a state’s nurse practice act drives nursing practice and determines its legal parameters.

C. Describe the process for obtaining employment.

D. Explore the process of transitioning to the role of new graduate and licensed nurse.

E. Compare and contrast accountability and responsibility of a licensed practical nurse.

F. Discuss anticipated challenges related to the role of the new graduate.

G. Examine the process for obtaining licensure and requirements for renewal such as continuing education.

H. List the national organizations that are available to LPNs as well as the organizations that support specialized practice.

IV. Leadership vs. Management

A. Compare and contrast the concepts of leadership and management.

B. Examine the difference between formal and informal leaders.

C. Review descriptions of various leadership styles and subsequent roles assumed by leaders.

D. Discuss the connection between leadership style and the employer and employee relationship.

V. Legal and Ethical Considerations

A. Develop awareness of personal values and integrate a code of ethics into practice when directly or indirectly providing client care.

B. Explore the ethical and legal challenges in assisting clients and their personal support systems as they deal with end of life issues including the role of the nurse in establishing and maintaining a “do not resuscitate” (DNR) or “allow natural death.”

C. Examine the five elements of liability that constitute negligence, torts of false imprisonment, assault, battery, and defamation.

D. Examine the leader’s role in establishing and guiding that institution’s standards for client care using institutional policies and procedures.

VI. Leadership and influence

A. Discuss appropriate and inappropriate uses of power and influence.

B. Explore the feelings of powerlessness and empowerment by nurses and characteristics of work environments that contribute to each.

C. Discuss leadership strategies that LPNs can employ.

VII. Teamwork, Communication, and Conflict Resolution

A. Explore the concept of teamwork and its relationship to productivity and job satisfaction.

B. Discuss the purpose of interdisciplinary teams and the role of the LPN.

C. Determine communication skills/strategies needed when interacting with client, families, subordinates and peers.

D. Explore the use of proper channels of communication for managing practice and client related issues in an organization.

E. Examine various types of conflict and conflict management strategies within the various communication styles.

VIII. Communication and Conflict Management

A. Determine communication skills/strategies needed when interacting with clients and families.

B. Determine communication skills/strategies needed when interacting with subordinates and peers.

C. Explore the use of proper channels of communication for managing practice and client-related issues in an organization.

D. Compare and contrast between assertive, passive, aggressive, and passive-aggressive communication.

E. Examine various types of conflict and conflict management strategies.

IX. Clinical Decision Making

A. Apply critical thinking in making clinical judgments in various client care situations.

B. Examine the role of group decision making and brainstorming when attempting to resolve practice or client care related issues.

C. Apply guidelines for appropriate and effective delegation.

D. Identify strategies to involve the client in care decision making.

X. Quality Improvement

A. Define quality improvement and determine its relationship to safe, quality client care and institutional accreditation.

B. Review the role of regulatory agencies and other accreditation entities in establishing institutional standards and accrediting the institutions who meet those standards.

C. Examine the role of the nurse in identifying, resolving, and documenting client care issues through the quality improvement process.

D. Discuss the role of the risk management department in identifying work place threats and working to ensure the safety of clients, their families, and staff.

XI. Career Development

A. Examine the path nurses take when transitioning from a novice nurse to an expert nurse.

B. Discuss the role that preceptors and mentors have in assisting new graduates in becoming competent in their practice and socialized into their new role.

C. List the causes and characteristics of burnout, and strategies that can be used to reduce the likelihood of its development.

D. Examine various career paths that can promote career advancement through degree completion.