Objectives

1. Oral Infection Control and Interdental Care
   a. Explain the rationale for self disease control.
   b. Identify and describe the etiology and effects of bacterial plaque.
   c. Determine the amount and location of dental plaque.
   d. Explain the rationale for usage and correctly demonstrate the
sulcular toothbrushing method, flossing and disclosing on self.
   e. Describe the methods for evaluation of toothbrushing and interdental
care.
2. Dental Hygiene Appointment
   a. Define primary and secondary prevention.
   b. Explain how dental hygiene care is related to dental treatment
planning and general health.
   c. List a logical sequence to be followed in performing dental hygiene
services.
   d. Describe the stages of the dental hygiene process:  assessment,
diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation.
   e. Define "oral prophylaxis" and its relationship to maintenance of
oral health.
   f. List the objectives of instrumentation.
3. Bacterial Plaque and Other Soft Deposits
   a. Define bacterial plaque and discuss the etiology, description, and
significance of the deposits and stains found in the oral cavity.
   b. List the anatomical factors, physiological factors, and other
components that affect deposit retention.
   c. Differentiate between food debris, materia alba, bacterial plaque,
supra- and subgingival calculus.
4. Disease Development and Contributing Factors
   a. Name and discuss the types of periodontal disease, and their
etiology.
   b. Discuss prevention and treatment of periodontal disease.
   c. Assess the client's need for periodontal treatment modalities.
   d. Describe at least two indicices for measuring bacterial plaque and
gingival bleeding.
   e. Utilize a standard notation system for periodontal recordkeeping.
   f. Explain the periodontal benefits associated with therapeutic scaling
and root planing.
5. The Gingiva
   a. Describe the gingiva and identify related structures.
   b. Recognize gingival health and periodontal infections.
   c. Demonstrate with assistance proficiency with a gingival
examination.
   d. Describe the gingiva of young children.
6. Equipment Operation, Care, and Maintenance
   a. Describe and demonstrate the operation of the dental unit and
chair.
   b. Explain the rationale for equipment care and maintenance.
   c. Describe semimonthly and weekly maintenance procedures of the clinic
cubicle.
   d. Demonstrate daily maintenance procedures of the clinic cubicle.
7. Infection Control, Transmissible Diseases, Exposure Control, Clinical
Procedures
   a. Define terminology related to infection control, describe the theory
of disease transmission, and identify intact and broken aseptic chains.
   b. Explain the distinctions between cleaning, disinfection, and
sterilization, and determine when disinfection is appropriate for reducing
sources of microbial cross-contamination.
   c. Demonstrate proper handling of instruments, supplies, and equipment
in accordance to aseptic standards.
   d. Identify personal barriers and protocols routinely used to ensure
protection against exposure to bloodborne infections and diseases.
   e. Discuss the symptoms, mode of transmission, incubation period, and
immunology of hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E, AIDS, and herpes virus.
   f. Explain the rationale for universal blood and body fluid
precautions.
   g. Identify the benefits and limitations of client assessments (health,
histories, extra- and intraoral exams, and periodontal evaluations, in
identifying potential sources of infection.
   h. Explain the ethical obligations to maintain standards of dental
hygiene care that adhere to infection control protocols consistent with
current federal, state, and local guidelines.
   i. Explain the role of the Occupational Safety and Health
Administration's standards for protection of health care plan, training,
protective equipment, waste, hepatitis B vaccine, and postexposure
protocol.
   j. Identify the design features, correct preparation, and maintenance
of operating equipment that reduce the possibilities of
cross-contamination.
   k. Identify equipment well suited to routine covering with surface
barriers.
   l. Describe the critical steps in surface cleaning and disinfection.
   m. Explain the steps in the aseptic protocol for operating
preparation.
   n. Describe the postappointment procedures for operating
decontamination, the initial preparation of instruments for recirculation,
and waste handling.
   o. Apply the concept of  defined use areas" within designated
contaminated and noncontaminated zones for instruments, items, and
material in order to control flow and cross-contamination during
procedures (dental hygiene, radiography, and laboratory) in a variety of
settings.
8. Patient Reception and Positioning
   a. Identify ways to establish rapport with patients and manage
communication efforts.
   b. Demonstrate communication and motivational skills.
   c. Demonstrate correct patient, operator and equipment positioning.
   d. Discuss body mechanics and its implications in dental hygiene.
9. Health History and Blood Pressure Detection
   a. Discuss the factors involved in good interviewing techniques.
   b. Identify the importance of Medic Alert.
   c. Demonstrate the ability to utilize the Physicians' Desk Reference,
Facts and Comparisons, clinic computer, and all medical resources.
10. Personal, Dental and Medical Histories:
   a. Identify the significance of each question included in a health
history.
      b. Completely review the health history prior to interviewing the
patient.
   c. Obtain a health history by means of a questionnaire.
   d. Tactfully question the patient about each abnormal or atypical
condition recorded, and explore any related conditions.
   e. Given hypothetical responses to health history questions, identify
potential need for:
      1. Antibiotic premedication.
      2. Sedative premedication.
      3. Special precautions to prevent disease transmission or allergic
reaction.
      4. Alteration of medications, such as those given for heart
condition, hypertension, rheumatic fever, stroke.
      5. Emergency care.
   f. Describe the policy and procedure for antibiotic coverage in the
dental hygiene clinic.
   g. Correctly and concisely record information and sign and date in the
appropriate places on the health history form.
   h. Update all medical histories of return and recall patients on
appropriate forms, i.e., ATC Summary Log (Alteration to Treatment Care). 
   i. Identify the need for patient referrals related to patients' medical
needs.
   j. Completely review the dental history before interviewing patient.
   k. Tactfully question the patient about past dental services and
outcomes of service that might influence dental hygiene treatment.
   l. Tactfully question the patient about prevention measures presently
employed to control oral disease.
   m. Tactfully question the patient about his/her present attitude toward
dentistry.
      n. Correctly and concisely record patient's responses on the dental
history.
      Blood Pressure Detection, Vital Signs:
      1. Define terminology related to hypertension and blood pressure
measurement.
      2. Identify the factors that influence blood pressure.
         3. Describe the criteria for evaluation of blood pressure
readings.
      4. Identify hypertensive drugs and the reasons for their use.
         5. Define the rationale for blood pressure detection in the
dental office.
      6. Describe and correctly care for the blood pressure equipment.
      7. Correctly measure and record blood pressure.
11. Extraoral and Intraoral Examination
   a. Discuss the rationale for conducting a systematic oral inspection
prior to any dental procedure.
   b. Position patient, self, and equipment to obtain maximum visibility
and accessibility to the field of operation.
   c. Recognize, through oral and written examination, oral-facial
landmarks necessary for a complete oral inspection.
   d. Observe the total physical appearance of patient prior to the oral
inspection, and record those aspects of appearance vital to the success of
dental procedures.
   e. Describe soft tissue range of normality for individual patients.
   f. Observe in a prescribed sequence and record those areas in and about
the oral cavity which appear to deviate from normal.
   g. Describe and record gingival conditions for each patient with
assistance.
   h. Use various explorers, compressed air, and light to detect
calculus.
   i. Record all areas of hard and soft deposits with assistance.
   j. Inspect for any tooth anomalies present.
   k. Complete (1) NIP on patient student.
   l. Classify the degree of plaque, stain, and calculus for each patient
with assistance.
   m. Identify the need for the alteration of procedures, instrumentation,
and patient education due to existing extra-oral and intra-oral
conditions.
   n. Describe and document significant findings in the client's record,
using precise, descriptive terms.
   o. Apply appropriate follow-up and referral protocol when abnormal or
atypical tissue changes warrant further evaluation.
12. Mouth Mirror, Explorers, and Periodontal Probe
   a. Identify the parts of the dental instrument, and explain how each
affects its use.
   b. Explain how numerical codes, manufacturers' designations and general
names aid in identifying the instruments.
   c. State the uses of the mouth mirror.
   d. Correctly use the mouth mirror for transilluminations, to reflect
light, to retract the tongue, lips and cheeks, and to provide indirect
vision.
   e. State the uses and characteristics of the explorer.
   f. Identify the EXD 11/12, #23, #17, #6, #2 and CH3 explorers and state
how they may be used.
   g. Correctly adapt each explorer using the proper pen grasp, fulcrum,
tip angulation, and stroke in the appropriate areas of the dentition.
   h. Identify subgingival smooth calculus, root irregularities, and
deposits of calculus and plaque with assistance.
   i. List and describe the uses of the periodontal probe.
   j. Describe the techniques for reading a periodontal probe.
   k. Correctly adapt the periodontal probe using proper pen grasp,
fulcrum, tip angulation, and exploratory strokes in all areas of the
dentition.
   l. Outline and demonstrate a systematic order of instrumentation for
the explorers and periodontal probes.
   m. State methods of minimizing patient discomfort, of maintaining a
clear field of operation, and of general self-protection when
instrumenting.
13. Instruments and Principles for Instrumentation
   Sickle Scalers
   a. State the use of the sickle scaler.
   b. Properly identify the parts and demonstrate proper technique for the
sickle scaler.
   c. Properly adapt the sickle scaler for calculus, stain, and plaque
removal on the anterior and posterior teeth.
   d. Identify and explain proper pen grasp, blade angulation, exploratory
and working strokes, fulcrum, and wrist motion of the sickle scalers.
   e. Outline and demonstrate a systematic order of instrumentation for
the sickle scalers.
   f. Explain and demonstrate how air and light may be used to evaluate
efficiency in scaling procedures.
   g. Describe how the design of the sickle scaler impedes its use in
subgingival instrumentation.
   Curets
   a. Explain the difference between scaling and root planing and indicate
where curets should be in an oral prophylaxis.
   b. Identify the parts of a curet and state the differences between
sickle scalers and curets.
   c. Properly adapt the curets for the removal of calculus, stain, and
plaque and for root planing in all areas of the dentition.
   d. Identify and explain the proper pen grasp, blade angulation,
exploratory and working strokes, fulcrum, and wrist motion for curets.
   e. Outline and demonstrate a systematic order of instrumentation for
curets.
   f. Describe the difference between the universal curet and the gracey
curet design in terms of blade-to-shank angulation.
14. Extrinsic Stain Removal
   a. Define cleansing, polishing, abrasive, abrasion, abrasive potential,
and rate of abrasion.
   b. Discuss the objectives of cleansing polishing and selective polishing.
   c. Compare different extrinsic stain removal techniques in terms of
efficiency, client comfort, and operator safety.
   d. Discuss the relationship of abrasives to the abrasion of the teeth.
   e. State the factors involved in selecting a cleansing and/or polishing
substance.
   f. Describe the various abrasive agents and their intended use.
   g. Describe and discuss the etiology and method of removal for all
stains.
   h. Discuss the factors to teach the patient concerning the polishing
procedure.
   i. Describe the recommended polishing sequence.
   j. Discuss precautions taken when polishing to include:
      1. Frictional heat
      2. Tissue damage
      3. Abrasive action
   k. Demonstrate the technique for use of tape, floss, and polishing
strips in polishing procedures.
   l. Demonstrate polishing techniques to include the use of the porte
polisher and prophylaxis angle.
   m. Identify the purpose of flossing following an oral prophylaxis.
   n. Correctly clean and oil handpieces and prophylaxis angles.
15. Patient Education/Preventive Strategies, Planning Dental Hygiene Care
   a. Explain the role of patient education in total patient care.
   b. Determine the patient's expectations and attitudes toward oral
health.
   c. Determine home care practices from the patient's health history,
oral inspection, and personal oral hygiene records.
   d. Determine the amount and location of plaque.
   e. Describe the formation and composition of plaque, its relationship
to oral disease, and specifically its relationship to the patient's
condition.
   f. Explain the rationale and demonstrate to the patient the proper
utilization of disclosing solutions.
   g. Discuss the concept of informed consent as it relates to the dental
hygiene process of case.
16. Emergency Care
   a. Describe the procedures to be followed for a medical emergency in
the dental hygiene clinic.
   b. State where emergency equipment is located in the dental hygiene
clinic.
   c. State the procedures to follow when an instrument breaks in the
patient's mouth.
   d. State the signs and symptoms of common dental office emergencies and
the procedures to be followed in the event that each occurs.
17. Introduction to Appointment Planning and Record Keeping
   a. Identify the role of the dental hygiene treatment plan and
appointment sequencing in meeting the needs of individual patients.
   b. Explain the role of the health history, oral inspection, and
charting in formulating a dental hygiene treatment plan.
   c. Explain the rationale for accurate and thorough records.
   d. Properly record all necessary information in ink on medical and
dental  health histories, dental hygiene charts, and other forms used in
the dental hygiene clinic.
18. Dental Calculus
   a. Identify clinical characteristics and formation.
   b. Explain the classification and distribution of calculus.
   c. Describe the composition of dental calculus.
   d. Discuss the significance and prevention of dental calculus.
19. Dental Stains and Discolorations
   a. Recognize and identify dental stains and discolorations.
   b. Discuss classifications of stains and discolorations.
   c. Demonstrate application of procedures for stain removal.

Objectives

1. Identify and describe basic components of nondental tissues in the orofacial region.
2. Identify and describe stages of developmental growth of the human body, face, oral cavity and related structures which include: a) Discussion of development and growth of the teeth; b) Discussion of development and microscopic study of enamel, dentin, cementum, pulp, periodontal ligament and alveolar process; c) Discussion of eruptive and shedding process of the deciduous dentition and eruptive process of the permanent dentition; d) Discussion of development and microscopic study of oral mucous membranes and salivary glands.
3. Describe and identify developmental disturbances, including etiology and appropriate treatment: a) Developmental disturbances associated with the teeth and soft tissues; b) Dental caries, their pathological progress and sequelae; c) Odontogenic tumors and cysts.
4. Correctly utilize, in written and oral explanation, dental nomenclature presented in this course.
5. Identify all deciduous and permanent teeth by arch, quadrant, name, function and eruption dates.
6. Determine clinically ideal occlusion, malocclusion and malalignments, and identify the possibility of detrimental oral habits with assistance.
7. Explain the protective function and forms of the teeth and supporting structures.
8. List and recognize which three teeth, in order, are more frequently missing.
9. Determine the age of a patient clinically or with slides and study models of deciduous, mixed and permanent dentitions.
10. Identify deciduous and permanent teeth using the universal nomenclature system, Palmers notation and the International system.
11. Identify and describe the structures involved in the periodontium.
12. Describe the periodontal disease process and analyze how it affects the periodontium. 

LEARNING EXPERIENCES:

Laboratory activities include -

1. MODELS - typodonts and individual teeth models are utilized in the
following areas:  occlusal function, tooth form and function, study of
permanent and deciduous dentitions' individual teeth.

2. DIAGRAMS - are used in class for further clarification of structural
landmarks and characteristics of both permanent and deciduous dentitions'
individual teeth.

3. LABORATORY PARTNERS - are utilized for group analysis and critical
thinking on the outline topics.

4. ANGEL is used as supplemental learning aid.

Objectives

1. Understand the basic physical and mechanical properties of dental biomaterials.
2. Manipulate all given dental materials within the dental hygienist's scope of practice.
3. Provide fundamental clinical dental hygiene services involving the selection, manipulation and care of specific dental materials.
4. Evaluate effects of specific materials on the oral environment and the effectiveness of such materials in prevention and treatment of oral disease.
5. Demonstrate current acceptable aseptic technique in the laboratory setting.  

Objectives

1. Describe and identify the embryologic development and growth of the head and neck on models, pictures and written examinations.
2. Identify the bones, foramina, sinuses and landmarks of the skull on models and written examinations.
3. Describe the structures and functions related to the temporomandibular joint on written examinations.
4. Identify the muscles of the head and neck, and describe their actions, insertions and locations on models, pictures and written examinations.
5. Identify and describe the functions of the 12 cranial nerves on models and written examinations.
6. Identify and describe the functions and locations of the blood supply, lymph systems and lymph nodes of the head and neck on models, pictures and written examinations.
7. Describe the anatomical topography involved in local anesthesia and in tracing the routes of the spread of dental infections on written examinations.  

Laboratory learning activities are as follows:

Utilizations of Models – Embryology models, medical quality human skulls
(including maxillary and mandibular arches), TMJ models, skeletons, muscles
of the human body, muscles of the head and neck, cardiovascular system and
cranial nerve models will be used.

Utilization of Diagrams – Embryology, skull, TMJ muscles, cardiovascular
and nerve diagrams will be used.

Objectives

1. Provide a complete patient evaluation including:
   a. Taking the medical and dental health history using the interview
technique.
   b. Utilizing the Facts and Comparisons, PDR, and other resources to
complete the ATC form.
   c. Accurately taking and recording blood pressure and pulse.
   d. Performing extra- and intraoral exams, describing any deviation from
normal.  Recognizing deviations in gingival conditions with assistance.
   e. Accurately probing and recording readings on all erupted permanent
teeth with assistance.  Completing a comprehensive periodontal assessment
with assistance.
   f. Accurately identifying and classifying plaque.
   g. Accurately detecting and identifying all stains.
   h. Accurately detecting and identifying all classifications of
supragingival and subgingival calculus with assistance.
   i. Charting of all existing restorations.  Detecting caries with
assistance.
   j. Classifying and recording occlusion with assistance.
   k. Identifying and charting oral habits.
   l. Identifying the oral health of the patient.
   m. Performing a plaque (NPI) and bleeding (GBI) index at the first
visit for each patient.
   n. Identifying the patient's motivation for receiving oral health
care.
   o. Exposing CMRS (complete mouth radiographic series), horizontal and
vertical bitewings and occlusal radiographs utilizing parallelling and
bisected angle techniques on adults and children when indicated with
assistance.
2. Apply the Dental Hygiene Process which includes assessment, diagnosis,
planning, implementation and evaluation (ADPIE) throughout the dental
hygiene appointment.
3. Demonstrate proficiency in performing primary preventive treatment
including:
   a. Developing dental hygiene appointment plans with assistance.  All
moderate and heavy patients must go through case review prior to visit #2.
 Present dental hygiene appointment plan to patients at initial appointment
and at subsequent appointments.
   b. Exposing, processing and evaluating oral radiographs of diagnostic
quality utilizing long techniques on adults and children with assistance.
   c. Removing all plaque and stains without assistance.  Removing all
light supragingival calculus without assistance and all other types of
hard deposits with assistance.
   d. Cleaning removable appliances and checking for any signs of
deterioration.
   e. Applying topical fluoride.
   f. Employing appropriate techniques for patients with special needs.
   g. Applying communication concepts when providing dental hygiene care.
   h. Applying basic periodontal concepts to clinical situations.
4. Implement preventive strategies on all patients including:
   a. Assessing, developing and implementing appropriate preventive
strategies for each clinical patient with assistance.
   b. Monitoring each patient's progress without assistance.
   c. Developing maintenance plans for clinical patients and following
through with them.
   d. Incorporating the intraoral clinic camera as part of a patient's
preventive strategies.
5. Provide patients with aids needed to improve oral health by:
   a. Recognizing with assistance, individual patients who need oral
health products incorporated into preventive strategy plans.
   b. Describing and demonstrating the use of oral health products to
patients when indicated.
6. Apply theoretical concepts of ultrasonic/sonic scaling on lab
partners.
7. Utilize the ultrasonic/sonic scaler on clinic patients when indicated.
   a. Accurately assess the need for ultrasonic/sonic scaling.
   b. Demonstrate proficiency with the technique for ultrasonic/sonic
scalers.
   c. Provide patients with information about ultrasonic/sonic scaling
devices.
8. Demonstrate proficiency in working with special needs patient
populations by:
   a. Recognizing and implementing conditions for patients requiring an
alteration in treatment procedures with assistance.
   b. Demonstrate professional characteristics when working with special
needs patients.
9. Provide emergency treatment when indicated.
   a. Properly operate the oxygen equipment when indicated.
   b. Demonstrate the proper procedures for prevention of emergencies on
select patients, as discussed in DHYG 121.
   c. Demonstrate proficiency in CPR (Professional Provider - Level C).
10. Function in different practice settings for the dental hygienist by
discussing the specialty of pediatric dentistry.
11. Perform all auxiliary procedures in providing comprehensive dental
hygiene care which includes:
   a. Maintaining accurate records with assistance.
   b. Properly caring for and sterilizing all instruments.
   c. Establishing and maintaining a sharp edge on all clinic instruments
at all times with assistance.
   d. Recognizing when patient, operator and equipment positions are
improper with assistance.
   e. Properly maintaining equipment.
12. Demonstrate professionalism by applying professional characteristics
as outlined in the clinic manual.
13. Demonstrate an understanding of the clinical setting and its systems.
   a. Practicing good record keeping.
   b. Assisting with updating and keeping a current recall system.
   c. Assisting the program administrative secretary with appointment
scheduling and confirmation of appointments.

Objectives

The goal of this course is to provide the student with a balance of


theory and clinical practice in the science of dental radiography.  This


fundamental information will allow the student to make critical decisions


about the use of dental radiography in order to facilitate patient


care.

1. Describe the properties of radiation and its production in a dental X-ray unit.
2. Describe the biological effects of ionizing radiation, and practice principles of radiation hygiene as they relate to the dental office.
3. Identify and discuss film characteristics: density, contrast definition and distortion.
4. Utilizing basic principles of shadow casting, demonstrate the ability to expose diagnostically acceptable complete mouth surveys using a paralleling technique and the least possible exposure to both patients and operators.
5. Demonstrate the ability to expose diagnostically acceptable bitewing, periapical, occlusal and panoramic radiographs with the least possible exposure to both pedodontic and adult patients.
6. Describe the general principles of darkroom construction, equipment and safe lighting, and process exposed radiographs utilizing proper darkroom procedures.
7. Correctly mount and view complete mouth surveys, bitewing radiographs, and occlusal radiographs.
8. Identify normal anatomical landmarks of the maxilla and mandible.
9. Differentiate between normal anatomical landmarks and commonly observed lesions, particularly those associated with caries, apical pathology and periodontal disease.
10. Describe and perform the proper maintenance procedures for processing equipment and demonstrate this ability when acting as clinical supervisor.
11. Evaluate radiographs for film quality, technique and processing errors.
12. List the uses of extraoral radiography in dentistry.
13. Describe and demonstrate the technique used in panoramic radiography.
14. Describe the most common radiographic systems utilized in diagnostic medicine and therapy.
15. Conduct patient education to various age groups utilizing radiographs as an educational tool.
16. Determine frequency and type of radiographic exposures based on patient need and ADA recommendations.
17. Demonstrate proficiency in duplicating radiographs.
18. Demonstrate proper infection control procedures when exposing radiographs in the clinic, and processing in the darkroom. 

Specific behavioral objectives will be provided for each topic during


the course.

Objectives

1. Review the tissues of the periodontium.
2. Correlate the components of a periodontal assessment.
3. Explain the case types of periodontal disease.
4. Discuss and demonstrate the use of various oral health products.
5. Describe the inflammatory process.
6. Discuss the specific bacteria and other related factors that contribute to periodontal disease.
7. Identify and compare the various forms of gingival and periodontal diseases.
8. Describe the components of treatment planning and goals of nonsurgical periodontal therapy and supportive periodontal therapy.
9. Describe the various periodontal surgical procedures.
10. Assess the signs and symptoms of various periodontal emergencies. 

Objectives

1. Compare and contrast several theories and models for personal learning and change including Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs as they relate to oral health education.
2. Discuss and promote concepts for health education applying the Dental Hygiene Process of Care and the Human Needs Theory.
3. Discuss and apply principles and concepts of the learning process as it relates to health behavior models using motivational theories, goals, objectives, therapeutic interventions, preventive strategies, and evaluation/re-evaluation.
4. Define basic research terminology and approaches to the scientific method.
5. Identify the various types of research and discuss concepts of research design.
6. Discuss how research, education and practice relate to each other.
7. Utilize computer resources to obtain scientific information.
8. Evaluate dental research applying concepts of research methodology.
9. Identify and discuss motivational theories.
10. Identify and discuss steps, methods and instruments used in involving patient motivation, behavior modification and lifelong learning.
11. Discuss and apply product evaluation methods related to dental information.
12. Compare advantages and disadvantages of most commonly used Internet databases and traditional print sources while conducting a relevant review of dental literature.
13. Utilize skills to incorporate findings from current literature into the practice of dental hygiene.
14. Effectively critique and abstract dental literature according to criteria given.
15. Explore and discuss the role of the dental hygienist as health educator and/or promoter. Examine methods of dental product evaluation.
16. Discuss implications of research findings for the dental hygienist.
17. Identify Key Elements of Effective communication; interpersonal skills necessary to effectively communicate; and, recognize alterations necessary for effective communication with diverse populations.
18. Critique Communication Skills of a recorded video session with a dental Client.
19. Recognize the signs and behaviors that indicate dental anxiety, phobia and fear. Discuss strategies to help a client cope with dental anxiety, phobia and fear.
20. Define Halitosis and identify sources and treatments.

Objectives

Clinic Objectives:
1. The dental hygiene student will apply and integrate previous clinical
and classroom objectives and instruction to provide comprehensive dental
hygiene care.
2. Provide a complete patient evaluation which will allow for:
   a. utilization of Facts and Comparisons and other resources to complete
the ATC form;
   b. recognition of the need for further diagnostic evaluation;
   c. recognition of the need for referral;
   d. recognition of contraindication for dental hygiene treatment;
   e. development and presentation of individualized appointment plan;
   f. development and presentation of individualized preventive
strategies; 
   g. recognition of supportive treatment services needed;
   h. exposure and identification of radiographic findings on CMRS
(complete mouth radiographic series), horizontal and vertical bitewings,
occlusal and panoramic radiographs on adults and children when indicated;
   i. utilization of appropriate indices.
3. Explain and demonstrate proficiency in CPR (Professional Provider -
Level C) and provide emergency treatment to clinic patients as needed.
4. Perform a complete periodontal evaluation (including mobility,
furcation, etc.) and charting on all clinic patients.
5. Perform a plaque and bleeding index at the first visit for each
patient.  The frequency of the GBI at subsequent appointments will be
patient based.  The NPI will continue to be taken at each appointment.
6. Perform a complete occlusal examination on clinic patients according to
guidelines.
7. Self-assess strengths and weaknesses and seek assistance from
instructor when necessary.
8. Detect and remove all supragingival deposits without assistance and all
subgingival deposits with assistance.
9. Establish and maintain a sharp edge on all clinic instruments at all
times by demonstrating the correct technique.
10. Utilize the ultrasonic/sonic scaler on clinic patients when indicated
and:
   a. accurately assess the need for ultrasonic/sonic scaling.
   b. demonstrate proficiency with the technique for ultrasonic/sonic
scalers.
   c. provide patients with information about ultrasonic/sonic scaling
devices.
11. Assess the need for and perform root planing on selected clinic
patients.
12. Apply new concepts and demonstrate techniques/methodology in current
dental     hygiene practice (i.e., subgingival irrigation, Atridox(r),
intraoral camera, DenLite(r) mirror).
13. Utilize a personal appointment book for patient appointments,
classroom and clinic requirements, clinic conferences, radiographic
evaluations, and work schedule.
14. Demonstrate professional characteristics with patients, peers, faculty
and at extended campus sites.
15. Synthesize and apply individualized preventive concepts and services
to a variety of special needs patients at the extended campus sites.
16. Collaborate with other health care providers as a patient advocate to
meet the total health needs of patients.
CLASSROOM OBJECTIVES:
1. Discuss the therapeutic effects of periodontal debridement, root
planing, subgingival irrigation, and antimicrobial agents.
2. Discuss theoretical concepts of desensitization.
3. Discuss the individual needs of medically compromised patients when
developing and applying preventive concepts and services.
4. Discuss the rationale for using local antimicrobial agents as part of
the patient dental hygiene appointment plan.
5. Demonstrate the correct technique for the intraoral camera on lab
partners.
6. Discuss rationale for maintaining sharp dental instruments. 
Demonstrate the correct technique used in instrument sharpening.
7. Recognize the use and design of various dental hygiene instruments and
demonstrate the technique for using these instruments on typodonts.
8. Discuss Periodontics as a dental specialty.
9. Discuss Maxillofacial Prosthodontics as a dental specialty.
10. Discuss orthodontics as a dental specialty.
11. Discuss the use of abstracts when reviewing dental literature and
utilize the proper format when writing them.
12. Discuss the definition, manifestations and dental hygiene care
appointment alterations for the special needs patients covered this
semester.

Objectives

1. List the characteristics of a healthy cell.
2. Describe how the environment and disease affects cellular health.
3. Describe how the body's immune system functions and responds to the
inflammatory response.
4. Describe the relationship of diagnosis to clinical manifestations,
etiology, treatment and prognosis.
5. Formulate a differential diagnosis.
6. Describe the process by which a definitive diagnosis is reached.
7. Communicate appropriately pathologic findings to dentists, patients and
 other health professionals. 
8. Define terms used to describe a various pathologic condition.
9. Describe the clinical manifestations, radiographic appearance,
histologic features, etiology, prognosis and treatment, and differentiate
specific pathoses associated with the head, neck, teeth and periodontium
in the following conditions:
   A. inflammatory
   B. reactive and traumatic disturbances
   C. bacterial, viral diseases and infections
   D. oral dermatological diseases
   E. developmental disturbances
   F. pulp and periodontal diseases
   G. odontogenic tumors and cysts
   H. nonodontogenic tumors and cysts
   I. neoplasia
   J. salivary gland tumors
   K. vitamin and bone diseases
   L. blood dyscrasia

Objectives

1. Utilize proper reference books to find reliable information on drugs.
2. Describe general terminology and explain the basic principles of pharmacology.
3. Associate the names of drugs with the pharmacologic drug group to which they belong.
4. Explain the therapeutic uses of each drug group.
5. Describe the contraindications and/or adverse reactions for the use of each drug group.
6. Compare and contrast one member of a drug group with other members of the same group.
7. Recognize and discuss the drug interactions with other drugs, foods, herbal supplements and disease states.
8. List the top 20 most commonly prescribed drugs and associate each with the drug group to which they belong. Obtain and evaluate a medical history utilizing this information: a) What prescription, drugs, non-prescription drugs or herbal supplement is the patient taking?; b) What drug related allergies does the patient have?; c) What dental implications do the drugs have?; d) What drugs, herbals or disease states influence administration of local anesthesia or dental treatment?
9. Obtain and evaluate a medical history utilizing this information to determine: a) What prescription drugs, non-prescription drugs or herbal supplements is the patient taking?; b) What drug-related allergies does the patient have?; c) What dental implications do the drugs have?; d) What drugs, herbals or disease states influence administration of local anesthesia or dental treatment?
10. Apply head and neck anatomy content as it relates to the administration of local anesthesia
11. Select and utilize appropriate local anesthesia armamentarium.
12. Effectively administer local anesthesia under supervision of dental hygiene faculty and staff dentists.
13. Name, describe, and associate the most common emergency situations, the drugs or other measures used to treat these emergencies.
14. Identify the signs and/or symptoms, the treatment and management of substance abuse.
15. Discuss and describe how to implement a smoking cessation program in dentistry. 

Learning experiences:

Laboratory activities include:

1. COMPUTER - drug computer programs will be utilized to aid individual
analysis and critical thinking on various drug groups.

2. CASE-BASED EXERCISES - on each drug group will be utilized to aid
application of learned drug information.

3. MODELS - skulls will be utilized to review head and neck anatomy and
demonstrate local anesthesia techniques.

4. LAB - students will practice local anesthesia administration on each
other the last eight weeks of the course.

5. ANGEL - will be utilized as a supplemental learning aid for local
anesthetic and pharmacology course context.

Objectives

I. Community Health Programs
   A. Effectively critique and evaluate dental health education materials
and programs available.
   B. Assess varying populations for oral health needs and promotion.
   C. Demonstrate the ability to communicate the role of fluoridation and
fluoride therapy programs in prevention of dental disease on varying
patient populations and community levels.
   D. Demonstrate the ability to alter dental health education materials
and presentations for special individuals or groups.

II. Dental Disease/Epidemiology
   A. Effectively critique, evaluate and apply research literature
according to given criteria.
   B. Solve statistical problems and interpret survey results in
relationship to biostatistics and epidemiology.
   C. Define and utilize terms relative to statistics, data collection and
research.

III. Providers of Community Dental Health
   A. Discuss community health dentistry and dental hygiene for geriatric
populations and special needs populations.

Objectives

1. Conduct a complete health history interview with a patient under dental supervision.
2. In conjunction with the dentist, evaluate the patient's current health status to determine if any conditions exist that would alter dental hygiene treatment.
3. Explain the pharmacology, indications and contraindications for use of nitrous oxide-oxygen analgesia.
4. Demonstrate proficiency in obtaining and monitoring vital signs (pulse, blood pressure, respirations).
5. In conjunction with the dentist, examine the mental and physical status of individual patients to determine the indication for the use of nitrous oxide-oxygen analgesia.
6. Discuss the benefits of using nitrous oxide-oxygen analgesia for dental hygiene treatment.
7. Explain the procedure and signs and symptoms of nitrous oxide-oxygen analgesia to the patient.
8. Identify the equipment utilized for nitrous oxide-oxygen analgesia and explain the function of each part of the equipment.
9. Demonstrate proficiency in operating the equipment used for nitrous oxide-oxygen analgesia.
10. Demonstrate proficiency in the effective administration of nitrous oxide-oxygen analgesia to laboratory patients at appropriate analgesia levels.
11. Demonstrate proficiency in returning the patient to pre-analgesia status.
12. Describe adverse reactions and emergencies related to nitrous oxide-oxygen analgesia and management of these situations.
13. Define analgesia, the stages of anesthesia and diffusion hypoxia.
14. Discuss appropriate pre- and post-operative patient instructions.
15. Complete a written examination over the didactic and laboratory portions of the course with a minimum proficiency of 75%. 

Objectives

CLINICAL OBJECTIVES:

At the completion of DHYG 250, the student will be able to:

A. Apply and integrate previous clinical and classroom objectives and
instruction in providing comprehensive dental hygiene care.
B. Provide a complete patient evaluation which will allow for
   1. Recognition of the need for further diagnostic evaluation
   2. Recognition of the need for referral
   3. Recognition of contraindication for dental hygiene treatment
   4. Development and presentation of individualized treatment plan
   5. Development and presentation of individualized preventive
strategies
   6. Recognition of supportive treatment services needed
   7. Expose and identify radiographic findings on CMRS, BW, VBW's,
occlusal and panelipse films on adults and children without assistance
when indicated
   8. Utilization of appropriate indices
C. Utilize patients' radiographs when charting dentition, restorations,
caries, periodontal condition, other pathology, patient evaluation,
developing dental hygiene appointment plan and performing dental hygiene
services.
D. Develop, implement and discuss a sequential, appropriate and thorough
dental hygiene treatment plan for each patient during the semester,
including preventive strategies.  (ALL TREATMENT PLANS ON MODERATE/HEAVY
PATIENTS MUST GO THROUGH A CHAIR SIDE CASE REVIEW for credit toward
clinical requirements.)  Case review must be completed before visit #2. 
The clinical dental hygiene instructor will initial the appointment plan.
E. Detect and remove all hard and soft deposits, both supragingival and
sub-gingival, without  assistance.
F. Follow safety and infection control guidelines.
G. Identify the need for and apply pit and fissure sealants according to
criteria established. (8 required)
H. Place appropriate medicaments (e.g. Atridox) on suitable clinic
patient(s), as the patient need arrives, to an acceptable skill level.
(optional)
I. Perform root planing on suitable clinic patient(s), as patient needs
arise, to an acceptable skill level.  (4 teeth required)
J. Develop a case study report meeting the needs of a selected patient(s)
according to the stated criteria and utilize prophy jet and KaVo
Diagnodent units appropriately (process on both).
K. Establish and maintain a sharp edge on all clinic instruments.
L. Perform a plaque and bleeding index on all patients.  Follow up with
subsequent indices as needed.
M. Perform skills of local anesthesia on clinical patient(s) as indicated
according to criteria specified and deadline dates.  
N. Achieve a score of 3 via outcomes assessment on each local anesthesia
injections administered on clinic partners by deadline dates.
O. Demonstrate professional characteristics and apply clinical techniques
at extended campus sites. Synthesize and apply individualized preventive
concepts and services to a variety of special patients.
P. Collaborate with other health care providers as a patient advocate to
meet the total health needs of all patients.
Q. Apply and demonstrate new clinical technologies available to dental
hygiene practice. 
R. Utilize a personal appointment book for patient appointments, classroom
and work schedule.
S. Demonstrate professional characteristics with patients, peers, and
faculty.
T. Utilize the Lexi-Comp Drug references, and other resources in the 
dental hygiene appointment and discuss the procedure for their use 
as a professional. 
U. Participate in screenings for clinic patients according to individual
assignments.
V. Recognize opportunity for and demonstrate the use of clinical
photography in dentistry.
W. Understand and adhere to the JCCC Student Health Policy as it is stated
in the Clinic Manual.

CLASSROOM OBJECTIVES:

Utilizing previous knowledge and instruction, the individual dental
hygiene student will be able to:

A. Discuss the ADHA Code of Ethics which governs the conduct and
responsibilities  of the dental hygienist. See ADHA web site.
B. Discuss the legal responsibilities which govern the conduct of the
dental hygienist and define the terms related to jurisprudence.  Recognize
and integrate the various dental laws governing the practice of dental
hygiene across the country.
C. Discuss the duties and responsibilities of the Board of Dental
Examiners in preparation for such examination and licensure of dental
hygienists.
D. Discuss and practice the management and time utilization concepts as
they relate to the professional role of the dental hygienist.
E. Discuss concepts of consumerism and its effect within the profession.
F. Identify cases involving malpractice and negligence in dentistry and
dental hygiene.
G. Discuss the need for continuing education of the health professional.
Research, compile and present a table clinic and poster presentation by
deadline date.
H. Research & compile a literature review paper on a dental topic.
I. Explore and discuss alternative practice roles and settings for the
dental hygienist.
J. Prepare a resume and interviewing techniques for potential 
employment within the profession.
K. Participate in health promotion for the community by giving a
presentation according to criteria given in Community Dental Health by
deadline date.
L. Discuss the legislative process as it relates to the practice of dental
hygiene.
M. Develop an awareness of the various uses of computers and programs in
dental office settings.
N. Complete a case study on a periodontally involved patient who has a systemic 
disorder requiring medication (e.g. Hypertension, Diabetes, etc.). See Case 
Study assignment for details and deadlines.
O. Complete the mentorship project by deadline date. 
P. Complete the service-learning project by deadline date.