Content Outline and Competencies:

I. The student will demonstrate mastery of elementary Latin vocabulary
and grammar.
   A. Explain the characteristics of the cases of Latin nouns--nominative,
genitive, dative, accusative, ablative, vocative, and locative--and their
English equivalents.
   B. Apply the proper form of nouns--nominative, genitive, dative,
accusative, ablative, and vocative (singular and plural)--in written and
oral exercises.
    C. Explain and apply the fundamentals of nouns in Latin--gender,
number, as well as first, second, and third declensions.
    D. Explain the fundamentals of verbs in Latin--person, present and
perfect tenses, active and passive voices, infinitives, imperative mood,
and regular vs. irregular conjugations.
    E. Apply the proper form of verbs--person, present and perfect tenses,
active and passive voices, infinitives, imperative mood, and regular vs.
irregular conjugations--in written and oral exercises.
    F. Define English equivalents for basic Latin vocabulary.

II.  Through oral participation, reading, recitation and response to oral
commands, the student will demonstrate comprehension and mastery of
correct Latin pronunciation. 
   A. Listen to oral commands and respond correctly.
   B. Imitate correct pronunciation after listening to taped reading
selections.
   C. Recite memorized songs, passages, and verses using correct
pronunciation.
   D. Read orally from selected passages using correct pronunciation and
phrasing.
   E. Accurately translate passages heard from tapes without benefit of
visual text.
   F. Make correct oral responses (in English and/or Latin) to questions
(in English and/or Latin) about passages and texts.

III. The student will expand the ability to analyze words based upon their
roots in Latin. 
   A. Expand English vocabulary by constructing lists of words generated
by single Latin roots.
   B. Link words in English and other Romance languages by their common
roots.
   C. Develop a linguistic imagination that looks for roots that unlock
meaning to new and common words.

IV. Through oral presentations, research papers, short essay questions and
class discussion, the student will demonstrate use of oral and written
language that is precise, logical, and eloquent.
    A. Investigate topics related to ancient Rome and her contributions
and make oral presentations to the class.
    B. Compose quality summaries of investigations using standard college
English.
    C. Write brief essays explaining aspects of culture, grammar, and
history learned in class or through investigations.
    D. Participate in class discussions that focus on outside cultural
readings.
    E. Translate Latin passages using standard college English.

V. Through lectures, outside readings, and investigations, the student
will explore a philosophical perspective and exhibit an understanding of
some fundamental principles of Western Civilization in the field of law,
art, ethics, history, and philosophy.
   A. Reflect upon selected readings from classical authors (in English
and Latin).
   B. Investigate delineated topics and apply them to present day
problems.
   C. Trace philosophical schools of thought from the ancient to the
modern.
   D. Participate in class discussions that focus on outside cultural
readings.
   E. Translate Latin maxims relating to cultural concepts and
principles.

Content Outline and Competencies:

I. The student will demonstrate mastery of elementary Latin vocabulary
and grammar. 
   A. Apply the proper form of adjectives and adverbs--both regular and
irregular--in written and oral exercises.
   B. Apply the proper form of pronouns--reflexive, relative,
demonstrative, intensive (singular and plural)--in written and oral
exercises.
   C. Apply the proper form of ablative nouns--with deponent verbs and as
ablative absolute--in written and oral exercises.
   D. Explain the fundamentals of verbs in Latin--perfect, imperfect,
pluperfect, future perfect and future tenses, deponent verbs, perfect
passive participle, active and passive voices, infinitives, subjunctive
mood, imperfect subjunctive, perfect subjunctive, and regular vs.
irregular conjugations.
   E. Apply the proper form of verbs--perfect, imperfect, pluperfect,
future perfect and future tenses, deponent verbs, perfect passive
participle, active and passive voices, infinitives, subjunctive mood,
imperfect subjunctive, perfect subjunctive, and regular vs. irregular
conjugations--in written and oral exercises.
   F. Define English equivalents for intermediate Latin vocabulary.

II. Through oral participation, reading, recitation and response to oral
commands, the student will demonstrate comprehension and mastery of
correct Latin pronunciation. 
   A. Listen to oral commands and respond correctly.
   B. Imitate correct pronunciation after listening to taped reading
selections.
   C. Recite memorized songs, passages, and verses using correct
pronunciation.
   D. Read orally from selected passages using correct pronunciation and
phrasing.
   E. Accurately translate passages heard from tapes without benefit of
visual text.
   F. Make correct oral responses (in English and/or Latin) to questions
(in English and/or Latin) about passages and texts.

III. The student will expand the ability to analyze words based upon their
roots in Latin. 
   A. Expand English vocabulary by constructing lists of words generated
by single Latin roots.
   B. Link words in English and other Romance languages by their common
roots.
   C. Develop a linguistic imagination that looks for roots that unlock
meaning to new and common words.

IV.  Through oral presentations, research papers, short essay questions
and class discussion, the student will demonstrate use of oral and written
language that is precise, logical, and eloquent.
   A. Investigate topics related to ancient Rome and her contributions and
make oral presentations to the class.
   B. Compose quality summaries of investigations using standard college
English.
   C. Write brief essays explaining aspects of culture, grammar, and
history learned in class or through investigations.
   D. Participate in class discussions that focus on outside cultural
readings.
   E. Translate Latin passages using standard college English.

V. Through lectures, outside readings, and investigations, the student
will explore a philosophical perspective and exhibit an understanding of
some fundamental principles of Western Civilization in the field of law,
art, ethics, history, and philosophy.
   A. Reflect upon selected readings from classical authors (in English
and Latin).
   B. Investigate delineated topics and apply them to present day
problems.
   C. Trace philosophical schools of thought from the ancient to the
modern.
   D. Participate in class discussions that focus on outside cultural
readings.
   E. Translate Latin maxims relating to cultural concepts and
principles.

Content Outline and Competencies:

Using all four language skills, listening (comprehending), reading,
writing, and speaking, students will recall and use in practical
situations the following concepts:

I. The student will demonstrate mastery of elementary German grammar
   A. Greet, introduce one another, and ask how people are, using three
you’s correctly
   B. Recall and use present, (present) perfect, past perfect and future
tenses in the indicative mood, and imperative mood of all regular and
irregular verbs.  Also use simple past tense of sein
   C. Recall and use cases, correct declensions of the definite and
indefinite articles, which indicates knowing the three genders of nouns,
and nominative, accusative, and dative cases, including the prepositions
that demand those cases
   D. Recall and use the three cases of pronouns and the possessive
adjective with correct endings
   E. Use correct word order for statements, questions, and commands
   F. Use negation and adverbs to add dimension to sentences and
questions
   G. Use modal verbs in present and perfect tenses
   H. Recall and use coordinating conjunctions to make compound sentences
   I. Use would to begin learning about subjunctive mood of verbs

II. The student will demonstrate comprehension and mastery of elementary
German pronunciation
   A. Use correct pronunciation of German sounds, especially those that do
not occur in English
   B. Use alphabet sounds to spell words in German
   C. Carry on short conversations and write short paragraphs on text
material

III. The student will develop and utilize elementary German vocabulary
   A. Use parts of classroom and people in school situations in context
   B. Use expressions for leaving and asking about the weather, time, and
the cost of things, knowing all numbers
   C. Use dates with days of the week and months of the year
   D. Recall and use active vocabulary selected by the instructor from
vocabulary lists, dialogues, and cultural reading selections

IV. The student will demonstrate understanding and appreciation of German
culture
   A. Carry on short conversations and write short paragraphs on cultural
material
   B. Compare aspects of the target language culture with American
culture

Content Outline and Competencies:

Using all four language skills, listening (comprehending), reading,
writing, and speaking, students will memorize and use in practical
situations the following concepts:

I. Mastery of German grammar appropriate to the second semester of study
   A. Recall and use subordinate conjunctions and word order.
   B. Use genitive case for the declension of definite and indefinite
articles and prepositions that demand that case.
   C. Use infinitive constructions.
   D. Use special forms of to.
   E. Recall and use adjective endings in all situations.
   F. Recall and use simple past tense for all verbs in the indicative
mood.
   G. Recall reflexive verbs.
   H. Recall indefinite adjectives and pronouns and adjectival nouns.
   I. Recall and use comparison of adjectives and adverbs.
   J. Recall and use relative pronouns and clauses.
   K. Recall and use da- and wo- compounds.
   L. Recall and use all situations of subjunctive mood of all verbs.
   M. Recall and use all tenses of passive voice of verbs.

II. The student will demonstrate comprehension and mastery of correct
German pronunciation
   A. Refine and practice pronunciation appropriate to the second semester
of study.
   B. Carry on longer conversations and write longer paragraphs on text
material.

III. The student will develop and utilize German vocabulary appropriate to
the second semester of study
   A. Use correct forms of nouns of weight, measurement, and number.
   B. Recall and use and memorize ordinal numbers.
   C. Recall and use all time expression idioms.

IV. The student will demonstrate increased understanding and appreciation
of German culture
   A. Carry on longer conversations and write longer paragraphs on
cultural material.
   B. Compare aspects of the target language culture with American
culture.

Content Outline and Competencies:

   I. Letters and Sounds of Hebrew Alphabet, Vowel Signs and Whole
Words. 
      A. Name all letters and pronounce sounds of letters and vowels.
      B. Pronounce correctly Hebrew letter sounds, even those that are not
present in the English language.
      C. Identify differences in letters and sounds in Hebrew and English.
 
      D. Transliterate cognates from English to Hebrew using designated
Hebrew letters and vowels. 

  II. Words, Phrases, and Simple Selections from the Textbook or Class
Materials.
      A. Synthesize the vowel sounds with the letter sounds to decode
words silently and orally.
      B. Decode phrases, sentences and short paragraphs when reading
silently.
      C. Read phrases, sentences and short paragraphs orally with minimal
mistakes and proper phrasing.
 
 III. Classroom Conversation and/or Supplemental Resources from the
Course.
      A. Respond to frequently used classroom instruction in Hebrew.
      B. Respond  to simple questions and take part in verbal discourse of
classroom discussion.
      C. Identify and/or comprehend words and phrases through video, CD
and other auditory resources used in the classroom.
 
  IV. Verbal Communication with Instructor and Classmates using Hebrew
Vocabulary and Memorized Hebrew Idioms.
      A. Participate in discussions using increasing vocabulary acquired
through memorization and repetition of classroom dialogue and supplemental
material reflective of subject units consisting of classroom nouns, colors,
weather, time words, family members, numbers, animals, food, and the home. 

      B. Converse orally about well being (i.e., How are you?), simple
situations, and material review through classroom dialogue.

   V. Hebrew Script
      A. Write dictated sentences in Hebrew script form.
      B. Write responses to questions, class work, homework, etc. in
Hebrew script form.

  VI. Basic Principles of Hebrew Grammar
      A. Identify Hebrew pronouns in the first, second and third person,
singular and plural.
      B. Verbalize and apply the rules of the “root” letters of verbs
in Hebrew
         1. Identify “root” letters of verbs
         2. Classify similar verbs according to distinctions in “root”
spelling
      C. Identify the gender of plural nouns and adjectives that follow
the grammar rule.
      D. Create the possessive form of nouns and pronouns using
appropriate suffix.
      E. Categorize verbs according to grammar rules of “Binyanim”(7
verb “building” classifications in Hebrew).
      F. Conjugate in present tense.
      G. Identify and use the infinitive form of verbs.
      H. Use prepositions to define location of people, places or things.

 VII. Comparison and contrast of Israeli culture with American and/or
student’s native culture.
      A. List the main differences between lunar and solar calendars.
      B. Recite the names of the Hebrew months in order.
      C. Locate main cities and geographic forms of Israel.
      D. Identify the song Hatikvah as the national anthem of Israel.
      E. Distinguish and discuss elements of Israeli culture as depicted
through specific Israeli films.

Content Outline and Competencies:

I. Foundational Grammatical Structures

A. Identify parts of speech such as subject, object, verb, adverb, pronoun, adjective, preposition.

B. Conjugate verbs in present tense.

C. Match correct form of articles, adjectives to gender and number of nouns.

D. Recognize and reproduce object pronouns.

E. Express location of people, places, and things using prepositions.

II. Comprehension of Spanish-Language Written Materials

A. Identify main points of simple texts dealing with learned material.

B. Respond appropriately in spoken or written form to texts, or to questions about texts.

C.Extract information from materials related to daily life on such topics as food, housing, college classes, class schedules, family members, weather forecasts and simple directions.

III. Comprehension of Spoken Spanish

A. Identify main ideas of simple statements and questions on familiar topics.

B. Respond appropriately to statements, questions and high frequency commands in highly predictable situations.

IV. Written Expression in Spanish

A. Construct sentences and strings of sentences relating to personal information, familiar topics and immediate needs.

B. Supply information on simple forms and documents.

C. Write dictated sentences.

V. Oral Expression in Spanish 

A. Produce lists of everyday vocabulary, such as numbers, days of the week, colors, items of clothing, household furnishings, classroom objects, family members, basic characteristics of people and things.

B. Use common courtesy expressions appropriately.

C. Provide basic information about oneself and one’s daily life at the phrase level.

D. Respond appropriately to simple questions or high-frequency statements.

VI. Cultural Elements of the Spanish – Speaking World

A. Identify linguistic elements that indicate cultural differences, e.g. the formal “you” and the informal “you” (usted and tú).

B. Identify countries where Spanish is spoken.

C. Identify cultural differences within the Spanish-speaking world, such as differences in family structure or religious practices.

D. Compare and contrast aspects of Spanish-speaking cultures with one’s own culture.

Content Outline and Competencies:

I. Mastery of grammatical structures
   A. Construct grammatically correct sentences in the present, past, and
future tenses.
   B. Conjugate verbs in all simple tenses in indicative and subjunctive
moods.
   C. Compare like and unlike qualities and quantities.
   D. Recognize and reproduce double object pronoun combinations.
   E. Give and react to commands, both formal and informal.

II.  Comprehension of written texts
   A. Read multi-paragraph texts with strongly-organized internal
structure (e.g., chronological) and distinguish main ideas.
   B. Abstract contextual information on the most basic level, such as use
of register or purpose of text (reporting/persuading).
   C. Outline or mind-map related elements within a text.

III.  Comprehension of oral discourse
   A. Enumerate and sequence data from brief oral passages.
   B. Comprehend sentence-length utterances and brief series of sentences
in limited number of content areas.
   C. Enumerate actions from brief oral passages.
   D. Sequence a series of five actions.
   E. Abstract general ideas from taped conversations on familiar or
strongly contextualized topics.

IV. Mastery of composition
   A. Write strings of related sentences and short paragraphs on learned
material.
   B. Recombine learned vocabulary and structures in simple sentences.
   C. Write extemporaneously short (8-10 sentences) paragraphs on very
familiar topics.
   D. Translate sentences from English to target language paying attention
to the idea to be expressed rather than word by word.
   E. Record short messages, postcards, and simple notes such as telephone
messages.
   F. Write one page compositions on a directed topic related to text.

V. Mastery of oral discourse
   A. Respond in brief phrases and some sentences to questions about
familiar topics.
   B. Make statements using learned materials expanding occasionally by
simple reconstruction of elements.
   C. Express self using vocabulary limited to basic object and places,
most common kinship terms, and basic necessities.
   D. Give simple directions.
   E. Construct basic statements using the past and future tense.

VI.  Knowledge of Hispanic cultural products and practices
   A. Demonstrate sensitivity to cultural behaviors and expectations.
   B. Recognize basic geographical information of the Hispanic world.
   C. Explain some cultural constants (e.g., the extended family,
mealtimes) that relate directly to daily life.
   D. Demonstrate appreciation of cultural differences by describing
attitudes towards elders, dating practices, educational philosophy and
business practices.

Content Outline and Competencies:

I. Greetings, Introductions and Common Courtesy Expressions

A. Use greetings at different times of the day.

B. Use common courtesy expressions.

C. Respond to greetings and to simple questions.

D. State name and job title.

E. Identify linguistic elements that indicate cultural differences, e.g. the formal versus the informal “you.”

II. Common Questions and Answers

A. Request personal information such as name and place of origin.

B. Use memorized questions to gather personal information from employees.

C. Use the Spanish alphabet to spell words as required.

D. Count objects from 0-30.

E. Express the time of the day using numbers 1-30.

F. Use the days of the week and the months of the year to express dates.

G. Identify question words, e.g., what, who, when and how many to provide a simple answer.

III. Hotels

A. Acquire vocabulary related to hotel rooms.

B. Describe the state of a hotel room using adjectives.

C. Tell employees to do common tasks in a hotel room.

D. Identify cleaning objects for specific purposes.

E. Describe actions related to hotel work.

1. Usage of personal pronouns

2. Conjugate verbs

IV. Kitchen

A. Recall names of fruits, vegetables, milk products, meats, seafood and bakery items.

1. Usage of adjectives to describe nouns

2. Colors as adjectives

B. Demonstrate comprehension of verbs related to food preparation.

1. Cooking and baking actions

2. Command form of the action verbs related to kitchen procedures

C. Identify utensils and equipment in the kitchen.

D. Create a simple recipe.

1. Measurements

2. Numbers 0-100

3. Actions

V. Restaurant

A. List items found in a restaurant setting.

1. Menu choices

2. Items to set a table

B. Compare quantity and quality of nouns.

C. Use negative and indefinite words to express presence or absence of items or people.

VI. Reading and Listening Comprehension

A. Demonstrate comprehension of simple authentic reading materials, e.g., ads and brochures.

B. Demonstrate aural comprehension of brief conversations and presentations related to topics in the hospitality industry.

VII. Culture

A. Identify Spanish-speaking countries.

B. Identify aspects of Hispanic work cultures.

C. Identify aspects of one's own work culture.

D. Demonstrate an understanding of successful intercultural interactions in the workplace.

Content Outline and Competencies:

I. Construct grammatically correct sentences in the present tense
   A. Conjugate verbs in present and preterite indicative, and present
subjunctive tenses
   B. Recognize and reproduce object pronouns
   C. Differentiate gender and number of nouns
   D. Match adjectives to gender and number of nouns
   E. Locate people, places, and things according to prepositions

II. Read simple, informational texts based on the immediate needs and
summarize information
   A. Read simple texts dealing with learned material
   B. Interpret basic tourist information such as transportation
schedules, hotel rates and meals

III. Listen for main ideas derived from covered topics
   A. Comprehend simple declarative and interrogative sentences on covered
materials, although they may require repetition and/or long pauses for
application
   B. Transcribe brief dictations
   C. Comprehend high frequency commands
   D. Comprehend preterit tense sporadically

IV. Write simple yet grammatically correct sentences and string of
sentences
   A. Create sentences relating to personal information and immediate
needs
   B. Record information on simple forms and documents
   C. Write dictated sentences

V. Express oneself orally through everyday vocabulary and memorized
phrases
   A. Recite lists of topical vocabulary (e.g. parts of the body, numbers,
days of the week, numbers, colors, items of clothing, household
furnishings)
   B. Use appropriately common courtesy expressions
   C. Provide basic personal information

VI. Compare and contrast aspects of the target language’s culture with
the student’s native culture
   A. Differentiate between formal “you” and informal “you”
although mistakes in usage still frequent
   B. Identify countries where the target language is spoken
   C. Distinguish between French and similar languages
   D. Weigh behavioral alternatives in the target culture
   E. Contrast familial customs in the target culture to the student’s
native culture

Content Outline and Competencies:

I. Construct grammatically correct sentences in the present, past, and
future tenses
   A. Conjugate verbs in all simple tenses in indicative and subjunctive
moods
   B. Compare like and unlike qualities and quantities
   C. Recognize and reproduce double object pronoun combinations
   D. Give and react to commands, both formal and informal

II. Read multi-paragraph texts with strongly-organized internal structure
(e.g., chronological) and distinguish main ideas
   A. Abstract contextual information on the most basic level, such as use
of register or purpose of text (reporting/persuading)
   B. Outline or mind-map related elements within a text

III. Enumerating and sequencing data from brief oral passages
   A. Comprehend sentence-length utterances and brief series of sentences
in limited number of content areas
   B. Enumerate actions from brief oral passages
   C. Sequence a series of five actions
   D. Abstract general ideas from taped conversations on familiar or
strongly contextualized topics

IV. Write strings of related sentences and short paragraphs on learned
material
   A. Recombine learned vocabulary and structures in simple sentences
   B. Write extemporaneously short (8-10 sentences) paragraphs on very
familiar topics
   C. Translate sentences from English to target language paying attention
to the idea to be expressed rather than word by word
   D. Record short messages, postcards, and simple notes such as telephone
messages
   E. Write one page compositions on a directed topic related to text

V. Respond in brief phrases and some sentences to questions about familiar
topics
   A. Make statements using learned materials expanding occasionally be
simple reconstruction of elements
   B. Express self using vocabulary limited to basic object and places,
most common kinship terms, and basic necessities
   C. Give simple directions
   D. Construct basic statements using the past and future tense

VI. Sensitivity to Cultural Behaviors and Expectations
   A. Recognize basic geographical information of the French speaking
countries
   B. Describe some cultural constants (e.g., the extended family,
mealtimes) that relate directly to daily life
   C. Demonstrate appreciation of cultural differences by describing
attitudes towards elders, dating practices, educational philosophy and
business practices

Content Outline and Competencies:

I. Effective Oral Communication Skills in Russian.
   A. Achieve a good standard pronunciation in Russian at his or her level
of language proficiency
   B. Manage everyday conversational situations in Russian successfully
and appropriately
   C. Use vocabulary presented in classes correctly.
   D. Perform a guided conversation in Russian on selected topics.
   
II. Russian Grammar and Vocabulary. 
   A. Develop Russian vocabulary and idioms.  
   B. Show improved understanding of grammatical structures necessary for
self-expression, such as verb tenses and modes, noun cases, adjective and
adverb forms.

III. Reading Comprehension in Russian. 
   A. Identify the purpose and/or intended audience of a text.
   B. Summarize main ideas of a text in oral or written form.
   C. Answer comprehension questions in complete sentences.

IV. Selected Issues in Russian History, Culture and Politics.
   A. Identify, describe and comment on cultural and historical sites
visited.
   B. Discuss basic information about Russian culture and customs.
   C. Identify major current affairs and political issues in Russia.

Content Outline and Competencies:

I. The student will be able to pronounce Russian sounds accurately
   A. Pronounce hard and soft vowels accurately
   B. Pronounce stressed and unstressed "a," "o," and "e" accurately
   C. Pronounce consonants accurately 
      1. hard and soft consonants
      2. the final "g" and "d"
   D. Give proper stress to sound
   E. Use the apostrophe correctly
   F. Use syllabication accurately
   G. Employ proper punctuation marks in speaking and writing

II. The student will develop a level of Russian vocabulary appropriate to
the elementary level.
   A. Use appropriate nouns
   B. Use appropriate objectives
   C. Use pronouns accurately
   D. Employ suitable verbs in speaking and writing
   E. Add other appropriate words and expressions to one's vocabulary

III. The student will demonstrate understanding of basic Russian language
grammar.
   A.  Employ nouns properly:
      1. the gender of nouns
      2. the accusative case (direct objects)
      3. the accusative case with the prepositions "b" and "ha"
      4. the prepositional case
      5. the plural of nouns
      6. expressions with the "dative"
      7. the agreement of one, two and one and a half with nouns
      8. the prepositional case with prepositions "b," "h," "o," "npu"
      9. appositives
     10. the gentive case
   B. Employ adjectives properly:
      1. the superlative degree of adjectives
      2. soft adjectives
      3. the accusative case
      4. the prepositional case
      5. languages preceded by adjectives
   C. Employ adverbs accurately:
      1. adverbs "kak," "kogda"
      2. verbal adverbs
      3. adverbs "davno," "dolgo"
   D. Utilize suitable verbs, including:
      1. the present tense of first conjugation verbs
      2. the present tense of second conjugation verbs
      3. reflexive verbs: past and future
      4. the Russian expression for to have
      5. the verbs of going
      6. verbs that require the no-form of languages
      7. double negatives
      8. the past tense
      9. the future tense
     10. the past and future tenses of sentences that have no grammatical
subject
     11. to have:  present, past and future
     12. the verbs "davat," "umet"
     13. commands (the imperative mood)
     14. Uni- and multidirectional verbs of motion
     15. the subjunctive mood
     16. there is/are; if/whether

   E. Use the following numbers in conversation and writing:
      1. numbers 1-20; 1/2-1 1/2
      2. hour(s), day(s), week(s), month(s) and year(s) with numbers
      3. ordinal numbers 

IV. The student will be able to conduct elementary oral dialogue in
Russian using the following concepts and exchanges:
   A. What's your name?
   B. Where are you going?
   C. Where are you from?
   D. What language are you studying?
   E. Do you understand Russian?
   F. Get acquainted!
   G. How old are you?
   H. A telephone conversation

V. The student will understand and appreciate basic aspects of Russian
culture.
   A. Describe the basic geography of Russia
   B. Explain Moscow holidays
   C. Discuss the Central Park of Culture and Rest
   D. Explain the basic elements of Russian cooking and describe
representative examples

Content Outline and Competencies:

I. Increase Skill in Pronunciation of Russian Sounds
   A. Pronounce higher level vowels accurately
   B. Pronounce hard and soft consonants accurately
   C. Pronounce double consonants accurately
   D. Employ proper accent marks
   E. Use apostrophes correctly
   F. Use syllabication
   G. Employ accurate punctuation in writing

II. Expanding vocabulary appropriate to the second semester
   A. Use more advanced nouns in speaking and writing
   B. Use more advanced adjectives in speaking and writing
   C. Use more advanced pronouns in speaking and writing
   D. Use more advanced verbs in speaking and writing
   E. Use more advanced words and expressions in speaking and writing

III. Improved applications of Russian Grammar
   A. Use higher level nouns accurately:
      1. additional prepositions which take genitive objects
      2. dates and the genitive case
      3. the dative case
      4. to need
      5. the instrumental case without prepositions
      6. the partitive genitive
      7. the instrumental case with prepositions
      8. masculine nouns with the stressed ending -y/-io in the
prepositional case
      9. personal pronouns
     10. the accusative case of personal pronouns
     11. possessive pronouns
     12. the dative case of pronouns
     13. the demonstrative pronouns
     14. the accusative of possessive pronouns
     15. the prepositional case of pronouns
     16. the dative case of pronouns
     17. relative pronouns
   B. Use higher level adjectives accurately:
      1. soft adjectives
      2. the dative case of adjectives
      3. position of adjectives
      4. demonstrative adjectives
      5. possessive adjectives
      6. interrogative adjectives
   C. Use higher level adverbs accurately:
      1. formation of adverbs
      2. adverbs of time
      3. indefinite adverbs
      4. the comparative degree of adverbs
   D. Conjugate verbs accurately:
      1. the imperfective and perfective aspects of verbs
      2. the perfective aspect of verbs of motion
      3. verbal aspects in answering questions
      4. to give: "davat," "dat"
      5. to wear: "nosit"
      6. and alternative for "dumat, " "po-moemu"
      7. the verbs for to study and to teach
      8. to have: "imet"
      9. the verbs: "vstavat," "vstat," "saditsa," "sest"
     10. to begin/finish and the passive voice
 
IV. Advance Oral Dialogue in Russian concepts and exchanges:
   A. Engage in dialogue focusing on the following concepts:
      1. Birthday
      2. My family
      3. Russian first names
   B. Engage in dialogue focusing on the following exchanges:
      1. Let's go to the ballet!
      2. Uvracha
      3. Vrectorane
      4. May I introduce myself?
      5. Vstrecha

V. Russian Culture:
   A. Describe the major cities of Russia
   B. Explain the cultural/political significance of Moscow and St.
Petersburg 
   C. Describe the modes and conditions of traveling in Russia 
   D. Describe Russian shopping and cooking noting differences from
American styles

Content Outline and Competencies:

I. Grammatically Correct Sentences in the Present Tense. 
   A. Conjugate verbs in present tense
   B. Recognize and reproduce object pronouns.
   C. Differentiate gender and number of nouns.
   D. Match adjectives to gender and number of nouns.
   E. Locate people, places and things according to prepositions.

II. Simple Informational Texts.
   A. Read simple texts dealing with learned material.
   B. Interpret basic information such as hotel, restaurant, etc…

III. Main Ideas.
   A. Comprehend simple sentences on covered materials.
   B. Transcribe brief dictations.
   C. Comprehend commands.

IV. Simple Grammatically Correct Sentences.
   A. Create sentences relating to personal information and immediate
needs.
   B. Write dictated sentences.

V. Oral Expression through Everyday Vocabulary.
   A. Recite lists of topical vocabulary (e.g. numbers, color, days of the
week, time, etc…)
   B. Use appropriate common courtesy expressions.
   C. Provide basic information.

VI. Aspects of Arabic-speaking Cultures and the Student’s Native
Culture.
   A. Identify countries where Arabic is spoken.
   B. Weigh behavioral alternatives in the target culture.

Content Outline and Competencies:

I. Grammatically Correct Sentences in the Present, Past and Future
Tenses.
   A. Conjugate verbs in all simple tenses.
   B. Compare like and dislike qualities and quantities.
   C. Recognize and reproduce dual object pronoun combinations.
   D. Give and react to commands.

II. Multi-paragraph and Distinguishing Main Ideas.
   A. Abstract contextual information.
   B. Outline related elements within the text.

III. Data from Brief Oral Passages.
   A. Comprehend sentences—length utterances and brief series of
sentences.
   B. Enumerate actions from brief oral passages.
   C. Sequence a series of five actions.

IV. Related Sentences and Short Paragraphs on Learned Material.
   A. Recombine learned vocabulary and structures in simple sentences.
   B. Translate sentences from English to Arabic paying attention to the
idea to be expressed rather than word by word.
   C. Write one page compositions on a directed topic related to text.

V. Brief Phrases and Sentences to Questions about Familiar Topics.
   A. Make statements using learned materials expanding occasionally be
simple reconstruction of elements.
   B. Express self using vocabulary limited to basic object and places,
most common terms, and basic necessities.
   C. Give simple directions.

VI. Sensitivity to Cultural Behaviors and Expectations.
   A. Recognize basic geographical information of the Arab world.
   B. Explain some cultural constants that relate directly to daily life.
   C. Demonstrate appreciation of cultural differences by describing
attitudes towards elders, educational system, etc.

Content Outline and Competencies:

I. Construct Grammatically Correct Sentences in the Present and Past
Tenses
   A. Use the present tense of common regular and irregular verbs.
   B. Accurately use the past tenses (passato primo and imperfetto) of
common regular and irregular verbs.
   C. Conjugate reflexive verbs accurately.
   D. Utilize possessive and demonstrative adjectives properly in spoken
and written sentences.
   E. Incorporate accurate use of gender, article and plural forms of
nouns.
   F. Recognize and reproduce object pronouns.

II. Engage in Simple Conversations Using Everyday Vocabulary and Memorized
Phrases
   A. Greet and respond to greetings and introductions.
   B. Use appropriately common courtesy expressions.
   C. Provide basic personal information.
   D. Express likes and dislikes.
   E. Recite lists of topical vocabulary (e.g. parts of the body, numbers,
days of the week, colors).

III. Read Simple, Informational Texts Based on the Immediate Needs and
Summarize Information
   A. Read simple texts dealing with learned material.
   B. Interpret basic tourist information such as transportation
schedules, hotel rates, and meals.

IV. Develop Greater Understanding and Appreciation for Italian Culture
   A. Differentiate between formal "you" and informal "you" (tu and lei)
although mistakes in usage still frequent.
   B. Discuss aspects of Italian life.
   C. Explain basic elements of Italian cooking and meal practices.
   D. Contrast customs in the Italian culture to the student's native
culture.

Content Outline and Competencies:

I. Speaking and Writing Functive and Stative Sentences in Basic
Chinese:
   A. Participate in dialogue accurately
   B. Utilize appropriate vocabulary
   C. Utilize appropriate sentence patterns

II. Using Indirect Object and Auxiliary Verbs in Basic Chinese:
   A. Participate in dialogue accurately
   B. Utilize  appropriate vocabulary
   C. Utilize appropriate sentence patterns

III. Identifying  Specifiers, Numbers, Measures in Basic Chinese:
   A. Participate in dialogue accurately
   B. Utilize appropriate vocabulary
   C. Utilize appropriate sentence patterns

IV. Using Equative Sentences Accurately in Basic Chinese:
   A. Participate in dialogue accurately
   B. Utilize appropriate vocabulary
   C. Utilize appropriate sentence patterns

V. Identifying Money and Prices in Basic Chinese:
   A. Participate in dialogue accurately
   B. Utilize appropriate vocabulary
   C. Utilize appropriate sentence patterns

VI. Using the Changed Status in Basic Chinese in Writing and Speaking:
   A. Participate in dialogue accurately
   B. Utilize appropriate vocabulary
   C. Utilize appropriate sentence patterns

VII. Identifying Modification Accurately in Basic Chinese:
   A. Participate in dialogue accurately
   B. Utilize appropriate vocabulary
   C. Utilize appropriate sentence patterns

VIII. Demonstrating Understanding of Location and Existence in Basic
Chinese in Speaking and Writing: 
   A. Participate in dialogue accurately
   B. Utilize appropriate vocabulary
   C. Utilize appropriate sentence patterns

IX. Using Coverbs of Interest - Indefinites and Inclusives in Basic
Chinese in Speaking and Writing:
   A. Participate in dialogue accurately
   B. Utilize appropriate vocabulary
   C. Utilize appropriate sentence patterns

X. Recognizing Movement and Direction in Basic Chinese:
   A. Participate in dialogue accurately
   B. Utilize appropriate vocabulary
   C. Utilize appropriate sentence patterns

XI. Chinese Characters 1 - 15 in Basic Chinese:
   A. Using Chinese characters 1 - 15, read and write vocabulary
   B. Using Chinese characters 1- 15, read and write sentences
   C. Using Chinese characters 1- 15, complete exercises
   D. Explain and use the stroke order chart 

Content Outline and Competencies:

I. Recognizing Completed Action - Time
   A. Participate in dialogue accurately.
   B. Utilize appropriate vocabulary.
   C. Utilize appropriate sentence patterns.
        
II. Using Time Expression Before and After the Verb in Basic Chinese
   A. Participate in dialogue accurately.
   B. Utilize appropriate vocabulary.
   C. Utilize appropriate sentence patterns.

III. Relative Time - Clock Time in Basic Chinese
   A. Participate in dialogue accurately.
   B. Utilize appropriate vocabulary.
   C. Utilize appropriate sentence patterns.

IV. Expressing Manners in Chinese
   A. Participate in dialogue accurately.
   B. Utilize appropriate vocabulary.
   C. Utilize appropriate sentence patterns.

V. Using Basic Chinese Compound Verbs
   A. Participate in dialogue accurately.
   B. Utilize appropriate vocabulary.
   C. Utilize appropriate sentence patterns.

VI. Using the Ba Construction in Basic Chinese
   A. Participate in dialogue accurately.
   B. Utilize appropriate vocabulary.
   C. Utilize appropriate sentence patterns.

VII. Using Resultative Compound Verbs in Basic Chinese
   A. Participate in dialogue accurately.
   B. Utilize appropriate vocabulary.
   C. Utilize appropriate sentence patterns.

VIII. Using Similarity and Comparison in Basic Chinese
   A. Participate in dialogue accurately.
   B. Utilize appropriate vocabulary.
   C. Utilize appropriate sentence patterns.

IX. Expressing Separation and Distance
   A. Participate in dialogue accurately.
   B. Utilize appropriate vocabulary.
   C. Utilize appropriate sentence patterns.

X. Using Coverbs of Agent in Basic Chinese
   A. Participate in dialogue accurately.
   B. Utilize appropriate vocabulary.
   C. Utilize appropriate sentence patterns.
 
XI. Chinese Characters 16 - 30 in Basic Chinese
   A. Using Chinese characters 16 - 30, read and write vocabulary.
   B. Using Chinese characters 16 - 30, read and write sentences.
   C. Using Chinese characters 16 - 30, complete exercises.
   D. Explain and use the stroke order chart.

Content Outline and Competencies:

At the end of Elementary Japanese I, students will have met the course
objectives and should have mastered the following specific skills:

I. Students will demonstrate basic ability to read in Japanese.
   A. Recognize the characters of two types of Japanese writings, hiragana
and katakana, and also to read the learned words in both forms.
   B. Read simple text (written in Roman alphabets) dealing with learned
materials and give accurate translation of the Japanese.

II. Listen and understand basic spoken Japanese.
   A. Recognize the sounds of Japanese syllables including some voiceless
vowels after voiceless consonants, silent syllabic consonant (double
consonant), etc. 
   B. Comprehend simple sentences and other covered materials and
comprehend commands frequently used in the classroom.

III. Speak basic Japanese.
   A. Pronounce each syllable in the same length without stress,
especially vowels in sequence and long vowels, and also be able to
pronounce some sounds that are not in English (such as r, tsu at the
beginning of a word, double consonant and others).  [Students’ oral
production will consist primarily of isolated words and short  sentences
of learned material.]
   B. Produce lists of learned vocabulary related to  greetings, school,
hobbies, sports, telling time, food, numbers, weather, seasons, family,
travel, modes of transportation, etc.
   C. Use both the present and the past tense. [The speech level is
limited to polite speech in which verb forms end with -masu and -desu.]

IV. Demonstrate understanding and appreciation of fundamentals of Japanese
culture.
   A. Explain the groupism and the hierarchical relationship between the
speakers in Japanese society and that they are reflected in many aspects
of the Japanese language, in particular in speech level, greetings, the
form of addressing people, the use of honoric (prefix o-), giving and
receiving verbs, etc.
   B. Explain why indirect expressions are considered more polite and 
preferred in Japanese language, especially when expressing one’s desire,
ability, preferences or requests.
   C. Contrast the differences between men’s speech and women’s
speech.

V. Students will demonstrate (orally and in writing) basic mastery of
Japanese grammar.
   A. Conjugate Masu verbs, Copula, Desu and polite form of adjectives
(present,  negative present, past, and negative past tense form and OO
form).
   B. Identify adjective (I-adjective) and adjectival noun
(Na-adjective).
   C. Use relationals (particles): e (direction), o (object), wa (topic,
in negative, contrast), ga (subject), de (location of action), ni
(location of state and indirect object), no (modification of noun), mo
(also, either), to (and, or with), ka (or), ya (and, so on), kara (from)
and kedo (but) and also multiple relationals such as e wa, de mo, etc.
   D. Use imasu and arimasu correctly.

Content Outline and Competencies:

At the end of Elementary  Japanese II, students will have met the
course objectives and should be able to:

I. Demonstrate the ability to read increasingly complex Japanese text:
   A. Read the text written in hiragana, katakana and simple kanji
(Chinese character).  About 100 kanji characters are introduced.
   B. Interpret basic text with strongly organized internal structure
dealing with daily activities such as shopping, phone conversation,
traveling, school,  cooking, etc. 
   C. Comprehend some complex sentences (with plain form verbs and
adjectives as a noun modifier), but not the compound sentences with more
than  the basic types of connectives (e.g. and, but, therefore)

II. Demonstrate the ability to listen and understand increasingly complex
spoken Japanese, reflecting the following criteria:
   A. Simple short sentences of covered material comprehended when spoken
slowly 
   B. Misunderstandings and repetition are still frequent  
   C. Content revolves around self and routine tasks, such as shopping  
   D. Listening primarily is limited to face-to-face conversation

III. Demonstrate the ability to speak increasingly complex Japanese
language.
   A. Produce mostly short sentences, ask simple questions or make
statements using learned material
   B. Recall learned vocabulary of about 900 words, but limited to basic
object and places, most common kinship terms, and basic necessities
   C. Comprehend topics of self, immediate family or friends
   D. Make a polite request, ask permission, describe location of things
and  people, make comparisons, etc.

IV. Demonstrate the ability to write basic Japanese.
   A. Write in hiragana, katakana and kanji combined, however, reading  
Japanese characters, especially kanji characters, is emphasized more than
reproducing it in this course.
   B. Recombine learned vocabulary and structures in simple sentences and
write  short (about 10 sentences)  paragraphs about very familiar topics.
[Frequent errors still persist in using predicate (verb, adjective and
Copula)  forms, Relationals (particles) and vocabulary.]

V. Demonstrate increased understanding and appreciation of Japanese
culture: 
   A. Demonstrate the proper speech level used between the speakers
depending on their relationship.
   B. Explain the basic geographical information of Japan and some
cultural constants  (e.g. traditional theater, such as kabuki, seasonal
customs and holidays such as New Year's Day, Girl's and Boy's Day, Flower
Viewing, etc., shopping, transportation system, Japanese food) that relate
directly to daily life.

VI. Demonstrate (orally and in writing) increased mastery of Japanese
grammar, including:
   A. Conjugate TE form, Plain form (Dictionary form, Plain Negative [NAI]
 form, Plain Perfect Tense [TA] form, Plain Negative Perfect Tense
[Nakatta] form) and BA (Provisional) form verbs.
   B. Identify adjectives of KU form and Provisional form. [Reproduction
of these forms in less accurate.]
   C. Identify Relationals, however frequent errors occur in their use.
   D. Comprehend  noun modifiers ranging from simple adjective or
adjectival  noun modifier to complex sentences with plain form of
Predicate (verb, adjective or noun followed by a Copula).
   E. Make simple comparisons.
   F. Conjugate verbs and use Plain form verbs, TE form and Ba
(provisional) form  in learned patterns such as:
      1. TE form: Verb-te  kudasai, Verb-te mimasu, Verb-te mo ii desu,
Verb-te wa ikemasen
      2. Dictionary (Plain Affirmative Imperfect Tense) form: Dictionary
Verb + hazu desu /tsumori desu /koto ga dekimasu
      3. NAI (Plain Negative) form: Verb-nai + hazu desu /tsumori desu /de
kudasai/Verb-nakute mo ii desu  /wa ikemasen/Verb-nakeraba narimasen/
      4. TA (Plain Perfect Tense) form: Verb-ta + hazu desu /koto ga
arimasu / hoo ga ii desu
   G. Conjugate Adjective into KU form and BA form (-kereba)
   H. Identify BA form of Copula "desu" (-nara)
   I. Use Relationals correctly: de 1) totalizing 2) "within" 3) "among",
kara (reason), keredo/keredomo "but",  "although", made 1] "until" 2] "as
far as",  made ni "by", mo "even", ni  1] "into", 2] "at", 3] "to"
(direction), 4] for  (purpose) 5] goal, no (for subject in the noun
modifier), o "through", dake    "only", hodo "as much as" and yori
"than".

Content Outline and Competencies:

I. Construct grammatically correct sentences in the present tense
   A. Conjugate verbs in the present and preterite indicative and future
subjunctive tenses.
   B. Recognize and reproduce object pronouns.
   C. Differentiate gender and number of nouns.
   D. Match adjectives to gender and number of nouns.
   E. Locate people, places, and things according to prepositions.

II. Read simple, informational texts based on the immediate needs and
summarize information
   A. Read simple texts dealing with learned material.
   B. Interpret basic tourist information such as transportation
schedules, hotel rates and meals.

III. Listen for main ideas derived from covered topics
   A. Demonstrate comprehension of simple declarative and interrogative
sentences on covered materials, although they may require repetition
and/or long pauses for application.
   B. Transcribe brief dictations.
   C. Recognize high frequency commands.
   D. Comprehend preterite tense sporadically.
   E. Comprehend future subjunctive sporadically.

IV. Write simple yet grammatically correct sentences and string of
sentences
   A. Create sentences relating to personal information and immediate
needs.
   B. Record information on simple forms and documents.
   C. Write dictated sentences.

V. Express oneself orally through everyday vocabulary and memorized
phrases
   A. Recite lists of topical vocabulary (e.g., parts of the body,
clothing, numbers, days of the week, colors, household furnishings).
   B. Use appropriately common courtesy expressions.
   C. Provide basic personal information.

VI. Compare and contrast the culture of brazil and other
Portuguese-speaking countries
   A. Identify countries where Portuguese is spoken.
   B. Distinguish between Continental Portuguese (Portugal) and Brazilian
Portuguese.
   C. Weigh behavioral attitudes in Portuguese.
   D. Contrast familial customs in the target culture to the student’s
native culture.

Content Outline and Competencies:

I. Intermediate level of  Russian Pronunciation
   A. Pronounce advanced hard and soft vowels accurately
   B. Utilize stressed and unstressed "a", "o", and "e"
   C. Pronounce higher level consonants accurately
      1. Hard and soft consonants
      2. The final "g" and "b"
   D. Use proper stress in speaking
   E. Use the apostrophe accurately
   F. Use more complicated syllabication accurately
   G. Use more complex punctuation marks accurately

II. Intermediate Level of Russian Vocabulary
   A. Use more advanced nouns accurately
   B. Use more advanced objectives accurately
   C. Use more advanced pronouns accurately
   D. Use more advanced verbs accurately
   E. Use more advanced words and expressions accurately

III. Intermediate Level of Russian Grammar
   A. Use more complex nouns accurately:
      1. masculine nouns with the stressed ending "y" in the prepositional
case
      2. the genitive plural
      3. the accusative plural
      4. the dative instrumental and prepositional plural
      5. stress shifts and irregularities in the plural
      6. the declensions of last names that end in -ov, -ev, -un
      7. determination of the noun stem
      8. determination of gender
      9. gender of nouns ending in -g
     10. indeclinable nouns
     11. forms of the nominative singular
     12. forms of the nominative plural
     13. exceptional forms in the masculine nominative plural
     14. exceptional forms in the neuter nominative plural
     15. exceptional forms in the feminine nominative plural
     16. nouns used only in the singular
     17. nouns used only in the plural
     18. uses of the nominative case
   B. Use more complex adjectives accurately:
      1. adjectives modified by numbers
      2. indefinite adjectives
      3. additional soft adjectives
      4. the comparative degree of adjectives
   C. Use more complex adverbs accurately:
      1. indefinite adverbs
      2. the comparative degree of adverbs
      3. verbal adverbs
   D. Use more complex verbs accurately:
      1. the verbs (u)videt and privukat
      2. future tense statements that begin with esli or kogda
      3. the verbs (vu)rasti and ugoshat
      4. the conditional-subjunctive mood
      5. verbs of going, running, taking, bringing, leading
      6. prefixed verbs of motion
      7. additional information about perfective/imperfective verbs
      8. participles
      9. accentuation patterns of the present and perfective future
tenses
     10. irregular verbs
     11. forms of the past tense
     12. forms of the verb "but"
     13. aspects in the future tense
     14. aspects in the past tense
     15. aspects in dialogue

IV. Advanced Aspects of Russian Culture
   A. Outline major historical events
   B. Describe the main features of Russian geography
   C. Explain the major issues of Russian politics
   D. Describe the linguistic aspects of the Russian language

Content Outline and Competencies:

I. Concepts of Russian Pronunciation:
   A. Pronounce advanced hard and soft vowels accurately
   B. Change of "yu" to "I" after sibilants accurately
   C. Pronounce the diaresis properly
   D. Know and use vowel changes accurately
   E. Use the fleeting "o" or "e" accurately
   F. Pronounce advanced consonants accurately
      1. voiced and voiceless consonants
      2. the sibilants: zheh, cheh, shah, and shchah
      3. the Gutturals: g. k. and ha
      4. hard consonants: zheh, shah, and cheh
   G. Place accent marks properly in speaking
   H. Use separation signs: b and 6 when needed

II. Mastery of Russian Vocabulary Through Written and Oral Presentations
   A. Use higher level nouns accurately
   B. Use higher level adjectives accurately
   C. Use higher level pronouns accurately
   D. Use higher level verbs accurately
   E. Use higher level words and expressions accurately 

III. Mastery of Advanced Russian Grammar Through Written and Oral
Presentations
   A. Comprehend and employ higher level nouns accurately:
      1. forms of the genitive singular
      2. forms of the genitive plural
      3. uses of the genitive case
      4. forms of the accusative singular
      5. forms of the accusative plural
      6. forms of the dative singular
      7. forms of the dative plural
      8. uses of the dative and accusative cases
      9. forms of the instrumental singular
     10. exceptional forms in the instrumental plural
     11. forms of the instrumental plural
     12. exceptional forms in the instrumental plural
     13. uses of the instrumental case
     14. forms of the prepositional singular
     15. forms of the prepositional plural
     16. uses of the prepositional case
   B. Comprehend and employ higher level adjectives accurately:
      1. forms of the adjective
      2. formation of short adjectives
      3. use of short adjectives
      4. the short adjective iu - o -
      5. the comparative degree
      6. the superlative degree
   C. Comprehend and employ higher level adverbs accurately:
      1. adverbs with verbs of motion and position
      2. verbal adverbs
      3. formation of imperfective verbal adverbs
      4. formation of perfective verbal adverbs
      5. use of verbal adverbs
      6. conditional mood
      7. real and unreal conditions
   D. Comprehend and employ higher level verbs accurately :
      1. the direct object of a negated verb
      2. affirmative verbs with non-specific objects
      3. unprefixed verbs of motion
      4. use of unprefixed verbs of motion
      5. walking and riding
      6. running, swimming, flying
      7. forms of unprefixed verbs of motion 
      8. carrying and leading
      9. combinations with verbs of motion
     10. perfective of unprefixed verbs of motion
     11. special perfectives with time limitation
     12. verbs of position and positioning
     13. prefixed verbs of motion
     14. aspects with verbs of motion
     15. formation of prefixed verbs of motion
     16. participles
     17. formation of the present active participle
     18. formation of the past active participle
     19. formation of the present passive participle
     20. formation of the past passive participle
     21. use of participles
     22. passive voice
   E. Comprehend and employ higher level numerals accurately:
      1. cardinal numerals
      2. declension of cardinal numerals
      3. use of case with cardinal numerals
      4. ordinal numerals
      5. collective numerals
      6. use of collective numerals
      7. expressions of time
      8. use of prepositions with numerals
   F. Comprehend and employ higher level pronouns accurately:
      1. indefinite pronouns
      2. negative pronouns
      3. etot and tot
      4. sebya, sam
      5. kotoriyi, kto
  
IV. Advanced Aspects of Russian Culture
   A. Outline major historical events
   B. Describe the main features of Russian geography
   C. Explain the major issues of Russian politics
   D. Describe the linguistic aspects of the Russian language

Content Outline and Competencies:

I. Utilize Both Non-Verbal and Verbal Communication 
   A. Communicate the context of a message through eye contact, facial
expression and body language
   B. Demonstrate basic ASL signs 
   C. Practice manual and physical coordination
   D. Receive and express a message by communicating its content through
manual and physical coordination in ASL
        
II. Demonstrate Appropriate Vocabulary Used For Grammatical Patterns in
Various Sentence Types Including Time, Pronouns, Subject/Object
Relationships, Classifiers, SASSES, Plurals, Locatives, Temporal Aspects
and Distribution Aspects
   A. Introduce oneself
      1. Ask for and give names in ASL
      2. Confirm and correct information by using positive and negative
headshakes
      3. Use yes/no questions, Wh-questions, personal pronouns and spatial
referencing
   B. Exchange personal information
      1. Ask if the person is deaf or hearing and where that person
learned sign language 
      2. Respond to information in ASL
      3. Use yes/no and Wh-questions and the not-negation in ASL
   C. Talk about surroundings
      1. Ask/tell where.  
      2. Express wants and correct information
      3. Use real - world orientation and non-manual markers
   D. Tell where you live
      1. Ask/tell where and how you come to class
      2. Use Wh-questions and real world orientation and noun-verb pairs
   E. Talk about your family
      1. Ask/tell about marital status and siblings
      2. Practice the number of siblings and family members involved
      3. Use possessive pronouns, yes/no questions, negative responses and
contrastive structure.
   F. Tell about activities
      1. Receive and express apologizing, giving reasons and opinions and
suggesting activities
      2. Using time signs, what-questions, dual pronouns, phrasing and
listing activities

III. Practice Producing and Receiving Numbers
   A. From 1 - 30
   B. Multiples of 5 (up to 100)

Content Outline and Competencies:

I. Expressive and Receptive Communication Skills:
   A. Use varied sentence types (including Rhetorical and Conditional)
   B. Recognize and practice signs in ASL related to time
   C. Sign properly in pronouns and subject/object relationships in ASL
   D. Describe objects and people with sign classifiers, pluralization,
and locatives
   E. Acquire a basic understanding of temporal and distributional aspects
in conversation

II. Demonstrate Vocabulary Used for Various Types of Language Functions
and Grammar:
   A. Give directions
      1. Ask/tell where, explain needs, interrupt conversations, confirm
and express uncertainty
      2. Use ordinal numbers, topic/comment structure and spatial
referencing in ASL
   B. Describe others
      1. Identify people who are present, confirming and correcting
      2. Use Wh-questions, descriptive classifiers, body part classifiers
and describe clothing 
   C. Make requests
      1. Describe locations and commands, offer assistance, accept/decline
offers and ask for clarification
      2. Use spatial verbs, inflected verbs, spatial reference and role
shift
   D. Talk about family and occupations
      1. Explain relationships
      2. Ask/tell how long and how old
      3. Use possessive pronouns and dual personal pronouns
      4. List principle:  ranking family members      
   E. Attribute qualities to others
      1. Contradict opinions
      2. Use one-character role shifting
      3. Practice contrastive structure
   F. Talk about routines
      1. Solve conflicts
      2.Tell what time and when
      3. Use temporal sequencing, time signs and frequency 
   G. Practice producing and receiving numbers
      1. From 51-98
      2. Multiples of 5, 10, and 11 
      3. Related to money
      4. Related to time on a clock
      5. Related to age

Content Outline and Competencies:

I. Complex Japanese text with an intermediate level of reading
comprehension
   A. Read text written with more frequent usage of Kanji (Chinese)
characters. 
   B. Read simple text written in both polite speech and casual speech
dealing with basic personal and social situations such as traveling. 
   C. Comprehend some complex sentences of quotation, hearsay, report,
opinion, etc., and some compound sentences with “~toki” (when ~), “~
mae” (before ~), “ ~ ato” (after ~),  “~node” (since ~), etc. 
 
II. Increasingly complex spoken Japanese comprehension
   A. Comprehend simple sentences in face-to-face conversation spoken at
slower than normal speed.  
   B. Comprehend casual speech used among family members and peers and
recognize the difference between male and female speech.
   C. Present one short prepared speech.
   D. Produce short sentences. 
   E. Quote, report, state judgments, and make explanatory statements.

III. Increasingly complex written Japanese text
   A. Write short (about 5 – 10  sentences) paragraphs using very
familiar topics such as daily routine, family and personal experience.
   B. Quote, report and state opinions and judgments.

IV. Mastery of Japanese grammar (orally and verbally) at the intermediate
level
   A. Identify a list of plain form verbs, adjectives and copula verbs in
the complex and compound sentences.
   B. Use proper form of predicate (verb, adjective and copula verb) in
complex and compound sentences.
   C. Identify and use transitive and intransitive verbs.
   D. Use Te form verbs in patterns such as: verb (-te) iru (on-going
actions and repeated actions), verb (-te) miru, verb (-te) oku and verb
(-te) aru.
   E. Identify particles and use them correctly.

V. Increased understanding and appreciation of Japanese culture
   A. Comprehend further the human relationship in Japanese society
through greater variety of speech levels.
   B. Explain basic information about Japan’s climate, geography,
transportation, traveling, banks, family structure, economy and employment
practices, etc.

Content Outline and Competencies:

I. Complex Japanese text with an intermediate/advanced level of
comprehension
   A. Read  text written with more frequent usage of Kanji (Chinese)
characters.
   B. Read about 400 kanji characters including 150 new characters.
   C. Read simple text written in honorific style and humble style speech
as well as ordinary polite speech and casual speech. 

II. Comprehending increasingly complex spoken Japanese
   A. Comprehend simple sentences in face to face conversation spoken at
slower than normal speed. 
   B. Comprehend honorific style speech in formal situations.
   C. Produce slightly longer sentences using topics such as self,
immediate family or friends.
   D. Express presupposition, desire, giving and receiving favors,
honorific expressions, humble expressions, regret, conjecture, etc. 

III. Writing increasingly complex Japanese text
   A. Write increasingly complex sentences.
   B. Write longer (about 12 – 15 sentences) paragraphs using very
familiar topics such as daily routine, family and personal experience
   C. Present one short prepared speech.

IV. Mastery (orally and verbally) of Japanese grammar at the high -
intermediate level
   A. Identify BA form predicate, causative form verb, passive form verb
and causative passive form verb
   B. Use Te form verb in learned patterns such as: verb (te) kara, verb
(-te) hoshii, verb (-te) ageru/kureru/morau and verb (-te) shimau.
   C. Identify and use honorific and humble expressions. 
   D. Identify and use compound sentences using conjunctions such as “ ~
to” and “~noni”.
   E. Identify and use compound verbs and compound adjectives.
   F. Identify particles and use them correctly.  

V. Understanding and appreciation of Japanese culture
   A. Comprehend more varieties of speech levels including honorific style
speech and casual speech.       
   B. Identify the human relations in various situations where the
specific style speech is used.
   C. Comprehend the expressions of giving and receiving favors and
Japanese gift giving customs.
   D. Explain basic information about Japanese transportation systems,
employment practice, neighborhood relations, natural disasters,
environmental issues and crimes.

Content Outline and Competencies:

At the end of Intermediate Chinese I, students will have met the
course objectives and should have mastered the following skills:

I. Reading complex Chinese text with an intermediate level of
comprehension, including:
   A. Texts with more difficult sentences.
   B. Texts written in both narrative and conversational style.
   C. Complex sentences of quotation, proverb and sayings.

II. Utilizing increasingly complex spoken Chinese, by:
   A. Translating simple sentences of covered material but not yet
comprehending the sentences spoken at normal speed.
   B. Presenting two short prepared speeches based on daily life.
   C. Producing mostly short sentences of learned material.
   D. Describing a story according to the picture given.
   E. Quoting, reporting and stating one’s judgement; making explanatory
statements.

III. Writing increasingly complex Chinese composition, including: 
   A. Short (about 10-15 sentences) paragraphs using very familiar topics
such as daily routine, family and personal experience.
   B. Statements of opinions and judgements.
 
IV. Demonstrating mastery of Chinese grammar at the low/mid-Intermediate
level by identifying and using the following constructs accurately in
speaking and writing:
   A. The time-measure complement.
   B. The aspect particle “Guo,” indicating experience as well as the
action-measure complement.
   C. Subjectless sentences.      
   D. Sentences which imply the continuous aspect of an action.
   E. “Bi” and “gen...yi yang” to express comparison.
   F. “Dao,”  “zai” and “zhu” used as the resultative
complement.
   G. Proper Predicate form in complex and compound sentences.
   H. Compound verbs and compound adjectives.
   I. Intransitive verbs.

V. Demonstrating increased understanding and appreciation of Chinese
culture, including:
   A. Human relationships in Chinese society through more variety of
speech levels introduced in the text.
   B. Basic historical information about Chinese character and customs.

Content Outline and Competencies:

At the end of Intermediate Chinese II, students will have met the
course objectives and should have mastered the following skills:

I. Reading complex Chinese text with an intermediate/advanced level of
comprehension, including:
   A. Texts with more difficult sentences.
   B. Texts written in both narrative and conversational style.
   C. Complex sentences of quotation, proverb and sayings.

II. Utilizing increasingly complex spoken Chinese by:
   A. Translating simple sentences of covered material but not yet
comprehending the sentences spoken at normal speed.  (Content still
revolves around self and daily life.  Listening primarily is limited to
face to face conversation.)
   B. Analyzing formal and informal speeches used on different occasions
and among different people. 
   C. Presenting two short prepared speeches.  (Able to speak slightly
longer sentences of learned material.  Topics are still based on daily
life.)
   D. Describing a story according to the picture given.
   E. Expressing wish, intention, giving and receiving favors.           


III. Writing increasingly complex Chinese composition, including: 
   A. Short (about 12-20 sentences) paragraphs using very familiar topics
such as daily routine, family and personal experience.
   B. Quotes, reports, opinions and judgements in written paragraphs.
 
IV. Demonstrating mastery of Chinese grammar at the mid/high-intermediate
level by identifying and using the following constructs accurately in
speaking and writing:
   A. The simple directional complement.
   B. Repetition of adjectives.  
   C. The construction “yao...shi...jiu...”
   D. The potential complement.                                  
   E. The complex directional complement.        
   F. The constructions “buhi...ma?” and “you...you.”
   G. “Ba” sentences. 
   H. The construction “chu le...yi wai.. .”
   I. Notional passive sentences.
   J. Interrogative pronouns of general denotation.

Content Outline and Competencies:

I. Refine basic grammatical structures
   A. Recognize the different elements of more complicated structures
   B. Comprehend complex and compound sentences

II. Read essays and/or short narratives with some confidence and
extrapolate information of detail
   A. Comprehend simple connected texts dealing with basic personal and
social situations
   B. Answer comprehension questions in complete sentences
   C. Distinguish main ideas and information from essays and narratives
   D. Identify details relating to who, what, where and why of factual
narratives
   E. Able to translate the general idea of the readings

III. Follow extended discourse when topic and vocabulary have been
reviewed in advance
   A. Comprehend simple sentence-length utterances in most tenses
   B. Identify the mood, main idea, and details when listening to a
passage

IV. Write with some accuracy on familiar topics
   A. Write short paragraphs using familiar topics such as daily routine,
family and personal experience
   B. Create statements and questions to meet practical needs and limited
social demands
   C. Use verbs in the past, present and future tenses

V. Initiate and respond to questions and maintain a limited conversation
   A. Interact appropriately in Arabic in a variety of real world
situations
   B. Convey a mood, implied meaning, or abstract idea in writing
   C. Converse appropriately in a variety of formal and informal settings

VI. Show awareness of cultural differences as expressed in written texts
   A. Connect with Arabic speaking cultures through the use of authentic
written sources
   B. Explore culturally appropriate customs, language, behaviors and
stereotypes through written text (e.g. articles, magazines, short
stories)

Content Outline and Competencies:

I. Manipulate basic structures to create with language
   A. Express and support opinions, make suggestions, and recommendations
   B. Narrate past, present, and future events
   C. Identify sound and structural patterns of Arabic

II. Demonstrate mastery of advanced Arabic sentences
   A. Ask and answer questions about specific topics
   B. Give instructions and directions
   C. Read with full comprehension
   D. Answer comprehensive questions in writing

III. Demonstrate further understanding of Arabic culture
   A. Recognize adages and idiomatic phrases
   B. Report and describe facts, procedures and events
   C. Identify cultural differences and similarities among Arabic
societies
   D. Connect with Arabic speaking cultures through the use of technology

IV. Analyze and interpret social and geographical factors that reflect
Arabic speaking cultures
   A. Describe people, states of affairs, feelings and activities
   B. Review announcements and advertisements from newspaper and
magazines
   C. Speak and write spontaneously

V. Express and support opinions, makes suggestions, and recommendations
   A. Make and accept requests, getting into and out of conversations
   B. Communicate phrases and increase utterance length
   C. Circumstantial adverbs
   D. Express humor
   E. Incorporate basic conversational strategies to respond to
conversation partner

VI. Explore culturally appropriate customs, language, behaviors and
stereotypes
   A. Interact appropriately in Arabic in a variety of real-life
situations
   B. Relate and use information and skills from reading
   C. Use authentic materials in Arabic to acquire information and
perspectives.

Content Outline and Competencies:

Using all four language skills, listening (comprehending), reading,
writing, and speaking, students will:

I. Refine German Pronunciation
   A. Use language daily – conversations, tapes, and listening
   B. Practice especially those sounds that occur in German and not
English

II. Review and Use Correctly the Following Grammar Concepts
   A. All tenses of verbs in the indicative mood
   B. Imperative mood verbs
   C. All conjunctions, cases, and word order
   D. All prepositions and case endings
   E. Three major tests and a final to test learning knowledge

III. Read Essays and Short Stories and Discuss and Write About the Major
Concepts
   A. Readings from KALEIDOSKOP
   B. Handouts of extra fiction readings
   C. Vocabulary quizzes
   D. Six assigned compositions
   E. Extemporaneous conversations from text exercises
   F. Discussions of readings

IV. Maintain Longer Conversations About any Topics Studied and Current
Events
   A. Six assigned conversations over themes/topics
   B. Extemporaneous conversations over day’s topics
   C. Conversations over current events

V. Write multi-paragraph essays about topics studied and current events
   A. In-class writings about fiction and non-fiction readings
   B. In-class responses to current events we read

VI. Discuss and write about cultural aspects studied in this semester
   A. Oral discussions about cultural aspects – pro and con
   B. Short, written opinions about cultural aspects

Content Outline and Competencies:

Using all four language skills, listening (comprehending), reading,
writing, and speaking, students will:

I. Refine German pronunciation to approximate fluency as much as
possible
   A. More speaking in class and groups
   B. Oral exams
   C. Approximate fluency of those sounds especially specific to German

II. Recall, review and use the following grammar concepts
   A. Adjective endings
   B. Relative pronouns and clauses
   C. Reflexive verbs
   D. General subjunctive mood of verbs
   E. Passive voice of verbs
   F. Infinitive phrases
   G. Demonstrate orally and in written work
   H. Review other basic fundamentals mentioned in previous competencies

III. Read essays and short stories, and discuss and write about the major
concepts/themes
   A. Use, practice, and test vocabulary and themes
   B. Oral discussion of major themes and concepts in target language

IV. Maintain longer, more detailed conversations about any topics studied
and current events
   A. 5 assigned conversations about topics/themes
   B. Extemporaneous conversations over daily topics
   C. Oral exams to demonstrate proficiency

V. Write multi-paragraph essays about topics studied and current events
   A. 5 longer written pieces about topics/themes studies
   B. Extemporaneous writing from exercises in texts
   C. Demonstrate skills in written exams

VI. Discuss and write about cultural aspects studied during the semester
   A. Oral discussion of varying topics each year
   B. Extemporaneous written pieces of cultural daily topics
   C. Assigned opinion papers
   D. Demonstrate understanding on oral and written exams

Content Outline and Competencies:

(for the Fall Semester)

I. Students will be able to carry on simple conversations about their
families and the weather and will be able to choose, try on, and purchase
clothing.
   A. Develop vocabulary related to the family
   B. Use the genitive case to describe family relationships
   C. Use a German weather map
   D. Convert temperature in Celsius to Fahrenheit
   E. Speak and write about clothing, sizes, and colors
   F. Use role play to select, try on, and buy clothing

II. Students will be able to use services provided in an airport and a gas
station in a German-speaking country.
   A. Describe the various services offered at an airport
   B. Make, confirm, and change airline reservations
   C. Read car rental ads and brochures
   D. Use role play to make and change car rental reservations
   E. Use vocabulary and expressions given, to buy gas and describe minor
car problems

III. Students will be able to cope with common health-related problems
while traveling in a German-speaking country.
   A. Describe various minor health difficulties that may arise while
traveling
   B. Make a doctor’s appointment and describe symptoms
   C. Using selected medication directions written in German, determine
what various medications are for, how they should be taken, and what side
effects there might be (in English).

IV. Students demonstrate the skills necessary to enjoy cultural
opportunities in German-speaking cities.
   A. Discuss common sights in a tourist city and why one would visit
them
   B. Discuss cultural events, such as movies, opera, theater, concerts
   C. Use newspaper ads to determine what activities are available in a
city
   D. Use role play to check availability, prices, and types of tickets
   E. Use the vocabulary and expressions given to ask and understand
directions

V. Students will be able to conduct a city tour
   A. Apply the knowledge from IV above to prepare and present a tour of
the German-speaking city of their choice, describing the city, its
attractions, and its history. 

Content Outline & Competencies: (for Spring semester)

I. Students will be able to select a dwelling that suits their needs in a
German-speaking country.
   A.  Describe the types of housing in German-speaking countries
   B. Describe the rooms and articles of furniture in houses/apartments
   C. Describe the function of various rooms in the house
   D. Read advertisements for various types of housing
   E. Select housing appropriate for individuals described

II. Students will be able to shop, use the services of a post office, and
ask and understand directions in a German-speaking city.
   A. Describe stores found in a typical city and what my be purchased
there
   B. Plan a city with all appropriate stores and institutions
   C. Using vocabulary and structures learned, shop in an open market or
small store
   D. Describe the activities carried on in a post office in a
German-speaking country
   E. Using text, handouts, and manuscripts from videos shown, present
dialogs on buying stamps, receiving packages, and sending faxes from a
post office
   F. Using a city map and vocabulary and expressions from the text and
handouts, give and follow directions, written and oral
   G. Describe what can be bought/what service is provided at a particular
store, what one would typically say in the establishment, and how one would
ask directions to the establishment

III. Students will be able to reserve a table, order and pay for food, and
handle common problems associated with dining in a German-speaking area.
   A. Describe favorite restaurants/cafes
   B. Use menus and text to discuss differences in eating here and in
Europe
   C. Use role play to reserve tables and order and pay for meals
   D. Use dialogs to handle problems associated with dining.

IV. Students will be able to find lodging in a German-speaking area.
   A. Discuss traveling in general and places to spend the night
   B. Compare and contrast hotels and prices
   C. Using handouts given and special needs assigned, determine what
hotel best fits the needs of an individual
   D. Using role play and the manuscript of video shown, reserve a room
through a tourist bureau or directly with a hotel

V. Students will be able to read a train schedule, ask for information on
train travel, and reserve seats on trains in a German speaking area.
   A. Describe experiences of train travel
   B. Describe the types of trains found in German-speaking countries
   C. Using a real train schedule, chose among types of trains and various
services and classes
   D. Using role play, make inquiries, buy a ticket and make a seat
reservation on a train

Content Outline and Competencies:

I.  Mastery of grammatical structures
   A. Refine basic grammatical structures learned in first year.
   B. Recognize the different elements of more complicated structures,
especially within a given context.
   C. Determine the use of subjunctive as opposed to indicative.
   D. Show increased control of object pronouns, good recognition, and
fair usage.
   E. Use idiomatic expressions of high frequency.

II.  Comprehension of written texts
   A. Read essays and/or short narratives and extrapolate information of
some detail.
   B. Comprehend simple connected texts dealing with basic personal and
social situations.
   C. Answer comprehension questions in complete sentences.
   D. Distinguish main ideas and information from the less complicated
essays or narratives.
   E. Identify details relating to who, what, when, where and why of
factual narratives.

III.  Comprehension of oral discourse
   A. Participate in extended discourse for which topic and vocabulary
have been reviewed in advance.
   B. Comprehend simple sentence-length utterances in most tenses.
   C. Identify the mood of a listening passage getting the main idea and
basic supporting detail.

IV. Mastery of composition
   A. Write multi-paragraph compositions on familiar topics or assigned
material.
   B. Create statements and questions appropriately to meet practical
needs and some limited social demands.
   C. Effectively control basic constructions as well as present tense,
and at least one other tense correctly to complete directed assignment.
   D. Start note taking in the target language.
   E. Write about topics grounded in personal experience in strings of
sentences.
   F. Increase ability to transcribe dictation accurately.

V. Mastery of oral discourse
   A. Initiate and respond to questions and maintain a limited
conversation.
   B. Handle successfully basic interactive social or task-oriented
situations (e.g., introducing self, order meal, making purchases) on
primarily a sentence level.
   C. Enumerate themes or topics without having to discuss them.
   D. Use preterit tense to narrate mainly through strings of sentences
rather than connected narration.
 
VI. Knowledge of Hispanic cultural products and practices
   A. Show awareness of cultural differences as expressed in written
texts.
   B. Perceive sense levels within language, e.g., magazine article vs.
short story, although only on the most superficial level.
   C. Distinguish typical traits within text related to life styles among
the peoples where the target language is spoken.
   D. Handle the formal and informal “you” with more confidence and
use it to identify textual relationships.
   E. Recognize some adages and idiomatic phrases and their register.

Content Outline and Competencies:

I.  Mastery of grammatical structures
   A. Manipulate basic structures to create with language.
   B. Discriminate among tenses and self-correct.
   C. Conjugate verbs in all tenses in the indicative mode and most tenses
in the subjunctive mode.
   D. Increase accuracy using tense sequences in more complex structures.

II. Comprehension of written texts
   A. Conceptualize similarities and differences between texts that
incorporate some degree of narrative complexity. Discuss the ideas
presented in an expository text.
   B. Read consistently with full understanding simple connected text
dealing with basic personal and social needs about which they have
personal interest and/or knowledge.
   C. Abstract main ideas and information from texts at the next higher
level featuring description and narration.
   D. Answer comprehension questions on assigned essays or short stories.
   E. Summarize and/or explain the most important elements of the
narrative.

III. Comprehension of oral discourse
   A. Follow extended discourse for which topic and vocabulary have been
reviewed in advance. This skill is similar to that taught in Intermediate
I, but with increased comprehension.
   B. Comprehend sentence-length utterances which consist of
re-combinations of learned elements in a limited number of content areas
supported by the situational context.
   C. Listen to identify the purpose of the conversation.

IV. Mastery of composition
   A. Write multi-page compositions on assigned material.
   B. Create short, simple letters which content involves personal
preferences, daily routine, everyday events, and other topics grounded in
personal experience.
   C. Express present time and at least one other time frame of aspect
consistently, e.g., past, habitual imperfective.
   D. Show evidence of control of the syntax of noncomplex sentences.

V. Mastery of oral discourse
   A. Use the language to create sentences, ask and answer questions and
correct errors.
   B. Handle successfully a variety of uncomplicated, basic and
communicative tasks and social situations.
   C. Talk simply about self and family members.
   D. Ask and answer questions and participate in simple conversations on
topics beyond the most immediate needs, e.g., personal history and leisure
time activities.
   E. Increase utterance length, although speech may continue to be
characterized by frequent long pauses.
   F. Incorporate some basic conversational strategies to respond to
conversation partners.
 
VI. Knowledge of Hispanic cultural products and practices
   A. Detect cultural differences as expressed in written texts.
   B. Distinguish typical traits within text related to life styles among
the peoples where the target language is spoken.
   C. Comprehend ways people act in a manner consistent with the structure
of their own culturally conditioned system, or frame of reference as shown
in reading passages and/or films.
   D. Develop ways to resolve conflicts through simulation based on
experience for cross-cultural understanding.
   E. Identify some adages and idiomatic phrases and their register.

Content Outline and Competencies:

I. Fluency in everyday conversational situations in Spanish
   A. Ask and answer questions on topics concerned with daily life.
   B. Utilize correctly the correct register (tú vs. Ud.) and expressions
of courtesy.

II. Good standard pronunciation in Spanish sounds
   A. Transform, via taped or video-taped practice, Anglicized vowels and
consonants into closer approximation of Spanish phonemes.
   B. Identify and reproduce correct intonation for statements, questions,
and explanations.

III. Mastery of vocabulary presented in class
   A. Write topical vocabulary on brief quizzes.
   B. Use topical vocabulary in original sentences.

IV. Mastery of fundamental grammatical structures crucial to
self-expression
   A. Perform brief narrations in class and in video or audio-taped
conversations.
   B. Use the subjunctive appropriately to persuade or demand service.
   C. Weave appropriate interjections into spoken text with the purposes
of playing for time, expressing interest, expressing emotion, or
requesting restatement.

V. Listening comprehension
   A. Summarize in English a short dialogue in Spanish.
   B. Answer questions on content of taped dialogue.
   C. Ask questions for clarification in live interview situation.

VI. Mastery of oral expression
   A. Perform extemporaneously a guided conversation in Spanish.
   B. Connect conversational topics via set phrases.
   C. Narrate and describe in all tenses.
   D. Elaborate and restate if asked.
   E. Participate fully in a dialogue by asking and answering questions,
and encouraging through interjections further speech.

VII. Self-expression through circumlocutions and paraphrasing
   A. Use circumlocutions or paraphrases to handle unknown vocabulary or
structures.
   B. Paraphrase a noun, adjective, or verb sufficiently so that it may be
identified correctly by a group.

VIII. Knowledge of U.S. government / culture / customs vis à vis those of
Spanish speaking countries
   A. Present and defend an opinion with respect to political beliefs or
cultural norms.
   B. Incorporate at least three justifications or examples for the belief
presented.
   C. Use correct subjunctive structure (belief vs. non-belief) to express
an opinion.

Content Outline and Competencies:

I. Refining Basic Grammatical Structures Learned in First Year French
   A. Recognize the different elements of more complicated structures,
especially within a given context
   B. Contrast the use of subjunctive as opposed to indicative
   C. Show increased control of object pronouns, good recognition, and
fair usage
   D. Use idiomatic expressions of high frequency

II. Reading Essays and/or Short Narratives and Extrapolating Information
   A. Comprehend simple connected texts dealing with basic personal and
social situations
   B. Answer comprehension questions in complete sentences
   C. Distinguish main ideas and information from the less complicated
essays or narratives
   D. Identify details relating to who, what, when, where and why of
factual narratives

III. Extended Discourse of Familiar Topic and Vocabulary
   A. Comprehend simple sentence-length utterances in most tenses
   B. Identify the mood of  a listening passage describing the main idea
and basic supporting detail

IV. Writing Multi-paragraph Compositions on Familiar Topics or Assigned
Material
   A. Create statements and questions appropriately to meet practical
needs and some limited social demands
   B. Show good control of basic constructions as well as present tense,
and at least one other tense correctly to complete directed assignment
   C. Start note taking in the target language
   D. Write about topics grounded on personal experience.  (Writing tends
to be string of sentences as opposed to truly connected discourse)
   E. Increase ability to transcribe dictation accurately

V. Questions and Limited Conversation
   A. Handle successfully basic interactive social or task-oriented
situations (e.g., introducing self, order meal, making purchases) on
primarily a sentence level
   B. Enumerate themes or topics without having to discuss them
   C. Use preterit tense to narrate mainly through strings of sentences
rather than connected narration

VI. Cultural Differences as Expressed in Written Texts
   A. Perceive sense levels within language, e.g., magazine article vs.
short story, although only on the most superficial level
   B. Distinguish typical traits within text related to life styles among
the peoples where the target language is spoken
   C. Handle the formal and informal “you” with more confidence and
use it to identify textual relationships
   D. Recognize some adages and idiomatic phrases and their register

Content Outline and Competencies:

I. Manipulating Basic Structures to Improve Discrimination Among
Tenses 
   A. Conjugate verbs in all tenses in the indicative mode and most tenses
in the subjunctive mode
   B. Increase accuracy of using tense sequences in more complex
structures

II. Conceptualize Similarities and Differences between Texts That
Incorporate Some Degree of Narrative Complexity.  Discuss the Ideas
Presented in An Expository Text.
   A. Read consistently with full comprehension simple connected text
dealing with basic personal and social needs about which they have
personal interest and/or knowledge
   B. Abstract main ideas and information from texts at the next higher
level featuring description and narration
   C. Answer comprehension questions on assigned essays or short stories
   D. Summarize and/or explain the most important elements of the
narrative

III. Extended discourse of Familiar Topic and Vocabulary
   A. Comprehend sentence-length utterances which consist of
recombinations of learned elements in a limited number of content areas
supported by the situational context
   B. Listen to identify the purpose of the conversation

IV. Writing Multi-page Compositions on Assigned Material
   A. Create short, simple letters which content involves personal
preferences, daily routine, everyday events, and other topics grounded in
personal experience
   B. Express present time and at least one other time frame of aspect
consistently, e.g., past, habitual imperfective
   C. Show evidence of control of the syntax of noncomplex sentences
 

V. Use the language to create sentences, ask and answer questions and
correct errors
   A. Handle successfully a variety of uncomplicated, basic and
communicative tasks and social situations
   B. Talk simply about self and family members
   C. Ask and answer questions and participate in simple conversations on
topics beyond the most immediate needs, e.g., personal history and leisure
time activities
   D. Increase utterance length, although speech may continue to be
characterized by frequent long pauses
   E. Incorporate some basic conversational strategies to respond to
conversation partners
 

VI. Cultural Differences Expressed in Written Texts
   A. Distinguish typical traits within text related to life styles among
the peoples where the target language is spoken
   B. Explain ways people act in manners consistent with the structure of
their own culturally conditioned system, or frame of reference as shown in
reading passages and/or films
   C. Demonstrate resolving conflicts through simulation based on
experience for cross-cultural understanding
   D. Recognize some adages and idiomatic phrases and their register

Content Outline and Competencies:

I. Handle everyday conversational situations in French fluently
   A. Ask and answer questions on topics concerned with daily life.
   B. Utilize correctly the correct register and expressions of courtesy.

II. Achieve a good standard pronunciation in French sounds
   A. Transform, via taped or video-taped practice, anglicized vowels and
consonants into closer approximation of French phonemes.
   B. Identify and reproduce correct intonation for statements, questions,
and explanations.

III. Master vocabulary presented in class  
   A. Write topical vocabulary on brief quizzes
   B. Use topical vocabulary in original sentences

IV. Master fundamental grammatical structures crucial to self-expression
   A. Perform brief narrations in class and in video- or audio-taped
conversations
   B. Use the subjunctive appropriately to persuade or demand service
   C. Weave appropriate interjections into spoken text with the purposes
of playing for time, expressing interest, expressing emotion, or
requesting restatement

V. Understand a short dialogue in French
   A. Answer questions on content of taped dialogue
   B. Ask questions for clarification in live interview situation

VI. Perform extemporaneously a guided conversation in French
   A. Connect conversational topics via set phrases
   B. Narrate and describe in all tenses
   C. Elaborate and restate if asked
   D. Participate fully in a dialogue by asking and answering questions,
and encouraging through interjections further speech

VII. Use circumlocutions or paraphrases to handle unknown vocabulary or
structures
   A. Paraphrase a noun, adjective, or verb sufficiently so that it may be
identified correctly by a group

VIII. Discuss U.S. government / culture / customs vis a vis those of
French speaking countries
   A. Present and defend an opinion with respect to political beliefs or
cultural norms
   B. Incorporate at least three justifications or examples for the belief
presented
   C. Use correct subjunctive structure (belief vs. non-belief) to express
an opinion

Content Outline and Competencies:

   I. Conversational Situations in Arabic
      A. Ask and answer questions on topics concerned with daily life.
      B. Elaborate on past, present, and future events.
      C. Convince and persuade others while expressing, negotiating, and
defending an opinion and/or problem solving.

  II. Standard Pronunciation in Arabic 
      A. Identify sounds and structural pattern of Arabic.
      B. Compare and apply sound, intonation, and structural patterns of
Arabic.
 
 III. Vocabulary 
      A. Formulate sentences by using vocabulary assigned.
      B. Write skits for different settings by using learned vocabulary.
      C. Summarize orally information from written articles.

  IV. Fundamental Grammatical Structures Crucial to Self Expression
      A. Use standard Arabic in holding conversation.
      B. Use correct grammatical structure in forming sentences.

   V. Dialogue in Arabic
      A. Answer questions on content of taped dialogue.
      B. Ask questions for clarification in live interview situations.

  VI. Guided Extemporaneous Conversation in Arabic
      A. Connect conversation topics via phrases.
      B. Narrate and describe in all tenses.
      C. Elaborate and restate if asked.
      D. Participate fully in dialogue by asking and answering questions
and encouraging responses thorough interjections that further speech.

Content Outline and Competencies:

I. Develop Proficiency in Non-Verbal Communication
   A. Communicate the context of a message partly through eye contact,
facial expressions, body language and ASL.

II. Improve ASL Verbal Communication
   A. Read and receive intermediate ASL signs.
   B. Express and send intermediate ASL signs.

III. Talk About Family and Occupations Using ASL
   A. Explain relationships, ask/tell how long and how old.
   B. Use possessive pronouns, wh - questions, list principal ranking
family members and dual personal pronouns.
   C. Practice age numbers and numbers 67-98 in ASL.

IV. Compare Qualities Among People and Things
   A. Discuss opinions and disagreements between people and ideas using
one-character role shifting.
   B. Contrast people and ideas in ASL.

V. Talk about Routines
   A. Solve time conflicts, telling what time and using temporal
sequencing, time signs: frequency, clock numbers and when-questions in
ASL.

VI. Complain, Make Suggestions and Requests
   A. Complain about others, make suggestions, make requests, ask for
permission, express concern, decline and explain why, agree with
condition, agree with shortcomings and ask for clarification.
   B. Use recurring time signs, continuous time signs, temporal aspects:
recurring and continuous, inflecting verbs, role shifting, conditional
sentences and clock numbers.

Content Outline and Competencies:

I. Spelling and Accent Rules for the Spanish Language

A. Recognize when to add an accent to a word and when the accent is unnecessary.

B. Differentiate between spelling words with a b or v, z or s and other spelling rules.

C. Recognize the silent h rule.

D. Recognize the ll and rr rule in Spanish.

II. Standard Spanish Grammar Rules

A. Conjugate verbs in the present and past indicative tenses as well as the present and past subjunctive mood.

B. Produce indirect, direct and reflexive object pronouns rules.

C. Match adjectives to gender and number of nouns.

III. Grammatically Correct Paragraphs

A. Summarize readings using organized written paragraphs.

B. Write organized compositions over an assigned topic using the currently studied grammar.

C. Utilize learned grammar in all writing assignments.

IV. Spoken Spanish

A. Use standard Spanish grammar and pronunciation in the classroom.

B. Use studied grammar and vocabulary from each chapter in daily interaction in class.

C. Avoid Spanglish and English usage in the classroom.

D. Discuss assigned texts in Spanish.

V. Cultures of Spanish-Speaking Countries

A. Apply the formal "you" and the informal "you" rules of usage.

B. Contrast cultural differences that exist in many countries of the Spanish world to that of the United States and other countries.

C. Identify countries where cultural differences can cause misunderstandings.

D. Identify major cultural differences according to the countries where they are practiced.

VI. Use Standard Spanish Vocabulary

A. Use vocabulary lists presented in each chapter.

B. Compare and learn the differences and variations in vocabulary used in countries of the Spanish-speaking world.